Shandong Black Bull was born in Gaoqing County, Shandong Province. It is a high-quality, high-quality beef cattle germplasm with independent intellectual property rights cultivated by Professor Dong Yajuan, a famous cloning expert in China. Shandong Black Cattle fully absorbed the outstanding genes of Japanese Wagyu and Luxi Cattle, and was famous for its “Snowflake Meatâ€. In 2009, it was recognized as a new breed of high-quality and high-quality beef cattle by an authoritative expert group in China. The meat quality reached the international beef grade A3 standard and became Recognized beef cattle boutique. Compared with the traditional domestic beef breed Luxi cattle, black cattle weighed more than twice as much, with an average of 1,000 kilograms per head. The output value of each cow can reach 60,000 yuan and the profit can reach 20,000 to 30,000 yuan. It is 3 to 4 times that of Luxi cattle, and it is the "Golden Bull" whose farmers have made a fortune.
In recent years, the county has focused on the development of green ecological, high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture, and implemented the “100,000 Heads of Shandong Black Cattle Industrialization Projectâ€. This project has been listed as a key project of Shandong Province and 16 key areas of the Yellow River Delta Efficient Ecological Economic Zone. One of the projects. The Shandong provincial government also launched the Shandong Shioniu “10, 100, 1000, and 10 thousand†science and technology demonstration project, which was promoted in 10 counties across the province. As of the end of 2015, the number of high-quality black cattle has exceeded 80,000. More than 10,000 households have stepped onto the rich road by breeding black cattle. Gao Qing has therefore become a well-known high-quality beef cattle production base in the country. The scale of the beef industry in the county has reached 10 billion yuan.
Cow feeding technology
Pregnancy
It is not necessary to increase the nutrition of the cows during the first 6 months of pregnancy, and to maintain a medium to high sensation in pregnant cows. In the last 3 months of pregnancy, at least 45 to 70 kg will be added. According to the principle of using green roughage as the main ingredient and matching the fine feed, the ration should be combined with the feeding standards. When the raw material is mainly straw, legume grass is used, and 1 to 2 kg of mixed concentrate is added according to the condition. When there is a large amount of fine material, it is fed in the order of fine and coarse. Concentrates and juicy feed (less than 10% of dietary dry matter) can be fed in the order of coarse and fine finish.
Pregnant cows are banned from feeds such as cottonseed cakes, rapeseed cakes, and distiller's grains. Can not feed frozen, moldy feed. Drinking temperature is not lower than 10°C. Pregnancy do a good job fetal protection. Pay attention to observation before labor, do a good job of midwifery, in the better feed conditions, increase the amount of exercise.
Childbirth period
The observation and nursing of the calving cows. Arrange for experienced breeders to work day and night to observe the cow's labor symptoms. About half a month before delivery, the breasts begin to expand, and a thick, pale yellow liquid can be extruded from the nipple several days before delivery. When the milky white colostrum can be extruded, the delivery can occur in 1 to 2 days. In the later period of pregnancy, the labia is swollen and the mucous plug that closes the cervix melts. If a transparent cord is found to flow from the vulva, the child will be delivered within 1 to 2 days. At the end of pregnancy, the ligaments in the pelvis softened and the hips collapsed. In 1 to 2 days before delivery, the pelvic ligaments softened, and the muscles on both sides of the tail were collapsed, which was the main symptom of labor. Uterine muscle began to dilate before labor, followed by contractions, the cow standing uneasy, frequent excretion of urine, from time to time back, indicating that the birth date is near.
After the delivery of the nursing cows after delivery, immediately feed the cows with warm, sufficient amount of bran salt water, and feed 1 to 2 kg of quality hay. Supplement Motherwort warm brown sugar water (Leonurus 250 grams, water 1500 grams, Jiancheng agent, plus brown sugar 1000 grams, water 3000 grams), once a day, and even served 2 to 3 days. Cows are given plenty of drinking water 1 to 3 days before giving birth. Feed preparation should enhance palatability. Roughage should be dominated by high-quality hay. Fine feed should not be too much, but full price, good quality, and good palatability are good. It is best to brewed into a porridge-like form and to add a certain amount of taste-enhancing feeds such as sugar. Classes and so on. For frail cows, high quality hay is fed after 3 days of calving, and Succulent feed and concentrate feed are fed 3 to 4 days later. When the udder edema completely disappears, the feed can increase to normal levels. If the cow does not have edema after delivery, the constitutional health excrement is normal, and the succulent feed can be fed on the first day after calving. When it reaches 6 to 7 days, it is increased to a sufficient amount. Maintain adequate, clean, and moderate drinking water. Postpartum 1 to 5 days to drink warm water, water temperature 37 °C ~ 40 °C, then gradually decreased to room temperature. For the first few days of calving, strengthen the hot compresses and massages of the breasts. Each time you heat milk for 5 to 10 minutes. Strengthen the monitoring, observe the discharge of lochia at any time, and observe whether there is any damage to the vulva, breast, nipple, or other parts. Measure body temperature 1 or 2 times a day, and if any increase, promptly identify the cause for treatment.
Breastfeeding
Feeding and feeding, on the basis of feeding silage corn to ensure the need for maintenance, supplementary feed concentrates 2 to 3 kilograms, and supplement minerals and vitamin additives. First-stage lactation Young cows are fed high-quality hay, with diversified concentrates.
Strengthen the breast massage during lactation, often brushing the body of the cow to strengthen the cow movement and drink plenty of water. At the end of lactation (milk for 3 months to dry milk), with full-priced feed, adequate exercise and drinking water, strengthening breast massage and management. The amount of concentrate should be determined based on body condition and roughage supply, mix 1 to 2 kg of concentrate, and supplement minerals and vitamin supplements.
Dry milk cows and empty cows adopt the fast dry milk method. That is, from the day of entering the dry milk, the milk is dried within 4 to 7 days. After 5 to 7 days, stop breastfeeding.
When the milk is finally squeezed, it must be completely squeezed. After the nipple is disinfected, it is injected into the penicillin ointment and the surface of the nipple is then sterilized. After 10 days of cow dry milk, breast milk has been absorbed by the tissue and the breast has shrunk. The concentrate and succulent feed are increased, and the standard for raising pregnant cows is reached within 5 to 7 days. During the dry period, poor quality roughage and juicy feeds are not fed. Do not drink frozen water in winter and feed frozen frozen tuber feed and silage, feed rapeseed cake and cottonseed cake less, and pay attention to calcium, phosphorus trace elements and vitamins. Pay attention to the change of the breast after stopping breast milk and immediately deal with the abnormal situation. Ensure that the cow has proper movement. Breeding cows should have medium-upper lyrics before mating, and lean cows should be raised 1 to 2 months before mating, and feed supplements should be given. Improve feeding and management conditions, increase exercise and solarium. The cowhouse is kept ventilated, dry and clean.
Calf feeding
Initial period
When the cow can't get rid of the mucus on the calf, wipe it off with a clean, dry cloth, especially with the mucus in your mouth and nose. When breathing is difficult, hang the yak upside down and beat your chest to make the mucus flow out. When the yak's umbilical cord is not naturally torn, cut the umbilical cord with 6 to 8 cm from the abdomen with sterile scissors, squeeze the blood and mucus in the umbilical cord, and spray with 5% iodine solution. Do not pour the solution into the umbilical cord. In the umbilical cord. Do not ligate after the umbilical cord is cut off. Strip the yak soft hooves, and the yak wants to stand when standing.
Calves must be allowed to eat colostrum within 1 hour of their birth by allowing them to approach the hindquarters of the cow and eat breast milk for at least 3 days. For individual frailty can be artificially assisted, squeeze a few drops of breast milk on the clean fingers, let the calf suck its fingers, and then guide to the nipple to help their milk. Increase the amount of concentrate feed and give the cow full nutrition.
Breastfeeding
After the nursing cows are delivered, the calves are breastfed directly and the cows are supplemented. Observe the performance of the calf when breastfeeding. When calf sucking frequently collides with the cow's udder, and the number of swallowing is not much, indicating that the amount of female milk is low, calves are not enough to eat, and the calorie intake should be increased. After the calf has been sucking for some time, the calf's mouth has appeared white foam, indicating that the calf is already full, and the calf should be pulled off to stop breastfeeding. The calf is breast-feeding with the cow, and the cow's milk is sufficient, as measured by the calf's daily weight gain rate. Generally, the daily weight gain should reach 700-800 grams, and if this level is not reached, the cow's feed amount should be increased appropriately, or the calf should be directly added to the calf. The feeding program uses the amount of full-fed milk in the early stage and feeds less milk at the later stage to make up the concentrate.
After one week of feeding, warm water was started to be used for training. After the yak was born for 7 to 10 days, it could move freely with the cow and gradually prolonged after 1 month. Yak at the age of 20 days began to feed 200 grams of green and succulent feed such as carrots every day. It increased to 1 to 1.5 kg at 2 months of age, and 2 to 3 kg at 3 months of age. Starting from the age of 1 week, high-quality dried grass and grass (such as legumes, hay, etc.) are added to the grass stand of the cowshed to train the calves to eat freely. Feeding at 2 months of age, 100 to 150 grams of silage material per day, 1.5 to 2 kg at 3 months of age, and 4 to 5 kg at 4 to 6 months of age, guaranteeing excellent quality of silage, prohibition of rancidity, deterioration, and freezing of silage Feed yak. 15 days after birth, the calves are trained to feed mixed concentrates. When they are first fed, a little milk can be sprinkled on the concentrates, or they can be made into a porridge-like shape with condiments, or made into a saccharified material and rubbed against the calf's nose and mouth. Inducing its foraging, the beginning of the day to feed mixed concentrate 10 to 20 grams, after 1 month of age mixed condiment fed a daily dose of 0.3 to 0.5 kilograms, 4 to 6 months of age feed amount up to 1.5 to 2 kilograms. The concentrate feed was supplied three times in early, middle and late times. Starting from 2 to 3 months of age, feed bars or feed troughs are separately set outside the cow rings. The feed consisted of high-quality forage (Lycopersicon esculenta and Leymus chinensis) 10% to 15% and mixed concentrate 85% to 90%, with a protein content of no less than 20%. Feed 2 times a day, once each morning and evening, supply soft, good quality roughage, and eat freely. The calves are weaned at 3 months of age. During calf weaning, the calf should be strengthened and the amount of feeding should be increased from small to large. Determined according to the amount of breast milk and body weight of yaks, reach 2 to 2.5 kg by 6 months of age. At this time, the weight should reach 230 More than kilograms.
Insect repellent calves should be dewormed within 20-30 days after birth.
The temperature winter temperature is not lower than 0°C. Before and after noon, the calves can be allowed to move outdoors; the summer temperature is not higher than 26°C, and the outdoor sports venues should have shade or pergola.
Drinking water temperature at room temperature, water quality standards for livestock and poultry drinking water, automatic drinking device, easy for calves free drinking.
Day-to-day management Keep yak cows ventilated, dry, bright, quiet and clean. Regular cleaning, replacement of grass bedding, ground observation, observation of appetite during feeding, observation of demeanor during exercise, observation of feces. The feed must not have moldy deterioration and freezing of ice, and must not contain foreign matter such as iron wire, nails, cow hair, and feces. Ensure that calves are not contaminated with muddy water and feces. Brush the body 1 or 2 times a day, brush with a soft brush, if necessary, supplemented with a hard brush, but the strength should be light. Wheat straw or sawdust and other mats are laid on winter cattle beds and sports grounds. Summer playgrounds should be dry, shaded and well ventilated. Every time the used milking equipment, feeding trough, drinking trough, etc. must be washed clean and kept clean. Calves and cows need to be kept in separate pens, regular feedings are given, and the calves are best kept in a single pen. Once calves are fed, the calf's mouth and nose are wiped clean. Disinfect the ground, walls, railings, feeding troughs and grass troughs thoroughly with caustic soda, lime water, or Lysol. Occurrence of infectious diseases or death, temporary assault disinfection of the environment and utensils contacted. The yaks that are reserved for breeding are weighed according to the needs of breeding and actual production. They are generally weighed at first birth, 6 months of age, age, and before the first breeding.
Daily management of bulls
Feeding concentrates should be timed and quantified. Feed each time in 6:00 am and 17:00 pm, feed after the cows finish eating rough feeds, feed 0.5-1. It is strictly forbidden to feed more, feed less, or leak food. In the case of feeding silage, the concentrate and silage can be mixed and fed.
The amount of hay fed is small, multiple times, and the amount of feed per day of the hay is quantified between 1% and 1.5% of the body weight of the cow, depending on the quality of the hay. During the high season of Qingcao, some grasses can be fed. In the off-season, the root tubers can be fed in the off-season. Each head feeds 0.8% to 1% of the body weight of the cattle. Each day, each head is fed without silage. Feeding amounts can reach 1% to 1.5% of the body weight of a cow. The amount of feed each day for silage is 0.5% of the body weight of cattle, but the total amount is controlled below 8 kg.
Weighing adult bulls should be weighed once a month. The development of bulls, the effects of feeding and management, and the prevention of diseases should be known in a timely manner.
Groups are raised in a single circle.
Hoofing Footguards Each time the spring and autumn seasons, the adult bulls are given a bathing shoe and hoof repairs. The shoe shape is not corrected.
Comb and brush planing The winter and spring seasons comb and brush the bulls once a day. Comb and brush the bulls once a day in summer and autumn. Each combing brush must be thoroughly, thoughtfully and carefully cleaned of dirt and dirt on all parts of the body, especially on the head, neck, corner base, and forehead. It must not be combed and brushed when feeding.
Sports bulls should adhere to freedom of movement, if necessary, to drive away, the time for the previous and afternoon, each time 1 to 2 hours.
Testicular massage and care 5 to 10 minutes each time, should keep the scrotal skin clean and regular cold.
The adult bulls are harvested twice a week and can ejaculate 2 times at intervals of 30 minutes.
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