The main types of strawberry malformation are: ossified fruit, double fruit and capsicum fruit, cracked fruit, white fruit, hollow strawberry, strawberry white peony and so on.
Rigid fruit
The rigid fruit manifests itself as a ripe fruit with a very small fruit, poor taste, corkation, and a hard texture.
Fossilization causes: Strawberries grow poorly, there is insufficient supply of assimilation material, or too many results, losing the nutritional competitiveness. For example, when the flower bud differentiation of strawberry encounters a temperature of 25°C or more or 5°C or less, the differentiation of flower buds will be hindered and malformed flowers will be formed, which will lead to development of malformed fruit. In addition, the relative humidity in the greenhouse during the fruiting period is more than 85%. The anther is not easy to crack, and the ovary is not completely pollinated, which also deforms the fruit and causes malformed fruit.
Control techniques: 1. Select suitable varieties for cultivation in the protected areas and cultivate good-quality seedlings of the right age. 2, appropriate control of fertilizer and water, nutrient elements with the appropriate, it is recommended according to the different period of strawberry and the difference between growing, choose different formulations of water-soluble fertilizer, pay attention to prevent soil nitrogen. In the amount of fertilizer to do neither shortage nor super, in order to fully meet the physiological needs of strawberry plant growth and development. 3. By means of controlling the facilities in the protected areas, the different requirements for temperature, light and humidity in the different growth periods of the grass poison are fully met. 4, regular inspections, sparsely deformed fruit, rigid fruit.
Double body fruit and chicken fruit
Two fruit pieces of strawberry are grown on one stalk and they are called double fruit; more than three pieces of strawberry fruit grow on one stalk, which is called the cranberry fruit, also called purse fruit.
Causes: temperature, light imbalance in the greenhouse, imbalance in the proportion of roots and caps, less formation of nutrients, increased secretion of growth hormone, causing grass flower bud differentiation abnormalities, floral cell imbalance, abnormal deformity of buds, stigma flat.
Control methods: 1. Select early-maturing, anti-deformation strawberry varieties; 2. According to the physiological needs of strawberries in greenhouses in protected areas, in addition to supplying sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, we must also optimize the supply of various trace elements; 3. Flower buds in strawberries During the differentiation period, coordinate the light, temperature and humidity environment in the greenhouse, and pay attention to the boron, zinc, magnesium, calcium and other elements on the leaf surface. It is recommended to spray the clever granules on the foliar of strawberry to supplement the boron needed for flowering of the strawberry. Zinc, magnesium and other elements, promote strawberry flowering, improve the fruit set rate of strawberries; fruit period foliar spray imperial calcium, rapid addition of calcium required for strawberry fruit development.
Cracked fruit
When the strawberry fruit matures, the surface of the fruit shows a longitudinal crack, which is called cracking.
Causes: The main cause of the above symptoms is the excessive temperature difference during the fruit's expansion and the difference in dryness and wetness of the soil. After the soil is dry, a large amount of water is poured, and the fruit cells absorb a large amount of water. In addition, the toughness of the skin of the strawberry fruit is small and the peel is broken. .
Control methods: 1. Strawberry in the greenhouse of the protected area should be selected sandy soil with good soil physical and chemical properties and strong water retention and fertility conservation; 2. Scientific irrigation should be carried out in the greenhouse, ground irrigation should be less irrigation to prevent soil drought and stains in the greenhouse. 3, to strengthen the cultivation and management of strawberries, so that the nutrition and growth in the contradiction of reproductive growth and reasonable coordination; 4, to prevent direct sunlight in greenhouse greenhouse strawberry fruit; 5, add enough calcium, the prevention of strawberry cracking fruit has a good effect.
White fruit
Physiological albino fruit in strawberry shows that the fruit does not normally color after mellow ripening of the berry, all or part of the fruit surface is yellow or yellowish white, the color circle is obvious, and the white part of the seed often has a red circle around, and the diseased fruit is light and soft. The flesh is variegated, pink or white, and will soon be corrupted.
Cause: The main cause of the disease is due to low light and low sugar, and it is a physiological disease. The low sugar content of berries and the deficiency of phosphorus and potassium can easily lead to the disease. Plants with excessive nitrogenous fertilizers, overgrowth of plants, and plants with poor fruit production and poor leaf fertility, and those with low soluble solids content in fruit are prone to gibberi disease. If the weather is warm during the result, the coloring period will be cold and rainy. , the incidence increased.
Prevention methods: First, apply more organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, but more partial nitrogen fertilizer; Second, select the varieties suitable for local growth and high sugar content varieties; Third, the use of protective cultivation, appropriate regulation of temperature and humidity; four Foliar sprayed amino acid glucose foliar fertilizer.
Hollow fruit
Hollow strawberries may not necessarily be used as bulking agents. The reasons for hollowness are mainly in these respects. First, some varieties of strawberries are hollow in themselves; second, when they are watered, the volume of cells will increase, leading to hollowness; Third, the use of bulking agents increases the number of cells and results in hollowness. The first two are natural factors. If the strawberries are very large, and their performance is irregular, the color is bright and red, it is easy to open, it is possible to use a swelling agent.
Control methods: 1, selection of high-quality disease-resistant varieties; 2, a reasonable fertilizer, to avoid the sudden change in soil moisture content; 3, scientific management, do not spray large prime.
White fruit
The formation of strawberry "white ass" is mainly related to the variety and illumination time. The process of hair coloring in strawberry is accomplished by the combination of light and endogenous plant hormones. In general, the longer the part that is nearer to the tip, the longer it takes to grow and the more anthocyanins accumulate, so the strawberry will gradually turn red from the tip. The strawberry produced in greenhouses in early spring is subject to weak light, so the color development process is slow, and sometimes due to varieties of reasons (such as polyploid), the fruit is larger, which will make the color of the base of the fruit more delayed.
Control methods: enhance light. Remove the dust on the film to increase the light transmittance, remove the leaves that cover the light of the fruit; add potassium fertilizer. Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliage; try to wait until the strawberries are fully ripe and pick them.
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