First discovered bacterial virus carrying animal DNA
October 18, 2016 Source: Bio Valley
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Scientists have discovered that a virus that invades bacteria harbors many genes that express toxic proteins. These genes are genes from the non-viral genome, but from the DNA of the black widow venom gene and some other animals. Researchers believe that either the virus has stolen the genes of other organisms, or the DNA of other organisms has invaded the viral genome.
The virus is a controversial creature. They can invade almost all organisms that infect the three worlds (animals, plants, and microbes), but most viruses have simple structures and ingredients that make them different. Many studies have previously found that viruses can "steal" DNA from other organisms' genomes and use them as their own. Moreover, it has long been established that a virus can only infect microorganisms or only infect animals or plants. For example, bacteriophage infects bacteria as much as possible, and it is not possible to find DNA fragments of other animals in the phage genome.
There are many microbes that can actually live in eukaryotes and exist in parasitic ways. For example, a large amount of E. coli is present in the digestive tract of the human body. This creates the possibility that the bacterial phage may be exposed to the genome of a eukaryotic organism and will eventually carry a DNA fragment of the bacterial host. A recent study showed that a phage found in a bacterium that is commonly infected with animal hosts, Wolbachia, carries many genes that only appear in eukaryotes. This is the first time that a genetic component of an animal has been found in a phage.
So far, scientists have not known the role and expression of these animal-like DNA in phage. At the same time, scientists do not know the direction of horizontal transfer of DNA. Moreover, there seems to be a possibility that these genes, although they look like animal genes, actually originate from the viral genome.
More in-depth research will focus on the role of these DNAs in phage, understand their expression and regulation, and attempt to clarify the horizontal direction of DNA transfer between bacteria, animals and phage. The updated findings may reveal a new way of relaying DNA, which will be important for us to understand evolution in depth.
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