1 pig house ambient temperature
The amount of air around the herd is often considered to be a major part of the thermal environment. The suitable temperature range is called a temperature-appropriate zone or isothermal zone. The lower effective ambient temperature of the isothermal zone is called the lower critical temperature (LCT). In this temperature range, the animal's body temperature remains relatively constant, and if there is no other stress (such as disease), the animal's metabolic intensity and heat production are normal. For pigs, the exact LCT value depends on the feed intake and body weight. LCT values ​​were lower in pigs that consumed more feed than those fed less. The upper effective ambient temperature is called the upper critical temperature (UCT) or the critical temperature for vaporization. Once the temperature is higher than UCT, the herd begins to pant or be restless and radiates heat to the surrounding environment to maintain normal body temperature.
Air temperature is not the only component of the thermal environment. Other factors can also affect the heat exchange between the herd and the surrounding environment, including the surrounding air flow rate and the ground type of the pig house. In production, how to solve the impact of these factors on the pig's thermal environment is also very important. The effective ambient temperature has a regulating effect on the temperature and other factors in the thermal environment. For example, at a constant temperature, the herd feels warmer in a litter-free pig house than in a littered pig house, and the effective ambient temperature is lower in a littered pig house. Therefore, in a litter pig house, the air temperature needs to be increased to compensate for the chill effect caused by the moisture contained in the litter. According to various factors affecting the thermal environment, it is necessary to properly adjust the air temperature, which is usually referred to as a set temperature value. By setting the temperature on the air temperature control sensor, a comfortable thermal environment is provided for the growth of the pigs. The set temperature is usually set according to the air temperature.
2 Swine house environmental gas control
Modern facilities in enclosed pig houses include excreta disposal systems, ventilation systems, and overall facility management to improve indoor air quality. Ammonia levels are often used as an indicator of air quality. Some scholars have suggested that the optimal ammonia concentration should be controlled within 10 mg/l, which is achievable in piggery with good ventilation system.
The underground pit is a storage pit that stores feces under the floor of a pig house. The facility can keep the average ammonia content below 10 mg/l for years, but sometimes the ammonia concentration is as high as 50 mg/l in hours or days. Or higher. As mentioned earlier, the limit for exposure to ammonia in pig farm workers in the short term (15 minutes) is 35 mg/l.
Underground pits can also reduce H2S in the air. When H2S concentration reaches 1 mg/l, most people can smell it. With the increase of hydrogen sulfide concentration, when people reach 50 to 100 mg/l, people often lose their sensibility. When the concentration of hydrogen sulfide exceeds 500 mg/L, it is fatal. Therefore, hydrogen sulfide is a huge source of danger, and when it does not smell the smell of hydrogen sulfide, it may have reached a lethal level. Hydrogen sulfide content is usually very low in pig houses with underground storage pit systems.
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