Located at the western end of the Weibei Dryland, the county of Shaanxi Province has an altitude of 800-2466 meters, an annual rainfall of 640 mm, and an annual average temperature of 10.8°C. The climatic conditions are suitable for the growth of various crops. Pepper is one of the vegetable crops with large planting area in Shexian County. The general greenhouse and plastic film cover the planting area of ​​2200 to 2500 mu, the average yield per mu is 2000 to 2600 kg, and the per mu output value is between 4000 and 6000 yuan, which has become a guarantee for farmers' income and security. One of the important agricultural products supplied by the vegetable market. At present, the main problem in production is the production of early spring sorghum. After the film is removed in summer, the production is delayed after the fall. After the summer, the market is exposed with open vegetables and the management is relaxed. The yield of peppers is low in the later period. In order to maximize the production of greenhouse facilities, the authors instructed the masses to cultivate large-scale spring, summer, autumn, and greenhouse cultivation, through greenhouse winter and spring seedlings, early spring plastic film cover, summer shade net cooling, and timely cover technology measures in autumn, so that the yield of pepper acres It reached 4000-6000 kg, and the output value of mu reached 6000-10000 yuan. The effect of increasing production and income was very obvious. This technique is now summarized to guide farmers' friends in better production.
First, choose a good species
The requirements of improved varieties meet the following five requirements: First, high yield, per mu output is generally above 3500 kg; Second, strong disease resistance, mainly anti-virus diseases, resistant to disease and anthrax; Third, early maturity, the morning market than the general species 3 ~ 7 days; Fourth, high quality, mainly the product is good, resistant to storage and transportation, high product rate, good market sales; Fifth, strong resistance, requiring cold resistance, low temperature and low light. The main varieties recommended in production are: No. 22 Yangjiaojiao Nongda No. 19, No. 19 Niujiaojiao Xiangyan, No. 4 Luojiao, Xinfeng No. 3, and Zhongjiao Zhongjiao No. 12.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
1. During the nursery period, the mid-January of the month is the most suitable period. After the early seedlings are planted, the outside temperature is too low to be easily frozen, which increases the management costs; the late-on-yield encounters the mature sales period of the chili peppers and the market price of the products is low, affecting the income. .
2. Nursery methods are mainly greenhouse nursery seedlings in small greenhouses. If there are geothermal lines in the greenhouse, the nursery date can be postponed by 7 to 10 days. The best way to grow seedlings without heating facilities is from the beginning of January. Sawn sowing before planting, sieving and removing seeds, soaking and soaking germination and other measures, until the seeds can be exposed when exposed white seedlings inside. 5 to 6 days before sowing, the solar greenhouse is covered with film, seedlings are planted, room temperature is raised, and preparations are made for sowing.
3. When the seedlings in the seedlings of the seedlings reach the four-leaf one heart at a proper time, the seedlings shall be transplanted and seeded in a timely manner to prevent the seedlings from being crowded and overcrowding. When the seedlings are divided, the soil shall be carried as much as possible to reduce the root damage. Separate seedlings, row spacing of 8 to 10 cm is appropriate.
4. Cultivation seedlings Pepper seedlings before seedling bed to be thoroughly watered, not too much watering after seedlings, cloudy snow days can not be watered, if the seedlings are dry, can be used in sunny watering cans or covered with wet soil solution. The seedbed temperature is maintained at 15 to 20°C during the night and 20 to 25°C during the day. When planting, it is required to reach a plant height of about 20 cm, a number of 12 to 14 leaves, a stem diameter of 0.4 to 0.5 cm, and a strong seedling standard of flower buds.
Third, fertilization colonization
1. Apply base fertilizer in the greenhouse before combining with deep-turning land, apply 3000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, 5 kg of urea, 15-20 kg of potash as base fertilizer, deep-turn 20 cm, place Leveling to be planted.
2. The appropriate time for planting and planting in the middle and early March is appropriate. Two types of plants are planted in flat mulching, planted in wide and narrow rows, and planted in equal spacing. Wide and narrow rows of two plants, work line width 70 cm, mulching film covering a narrow row of 50 cm, 25 to 27 cm from the hole, 2 per hole, acres planted 3800 to 4000 points. Such as row spacing of single planting, work and mulching lines are 60 cm row spacing, hole spacing 18 to 20 cm, acres planted 5000 to 6000 points. No matter what kind of form it takes, to achieve high yields, it is necessary to ensure that about 6000 strains are left.
Fourth, field management
1. Temperature management Early spring (March to April 20th end of the frost period) is mainly cold insulation. After the planting, a small shed is built in the greenhouse to increase the temperature by multiple layers to prevent freezing damage. Keep the temperature during the day at 20-30°C and 16-20°C at night. In the summer (April 20 to Lixia), the temperature of the greenhouse is mainly reduced. Small arch sheds are removed for greenhouse management. After the summer, the air outlets at the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation. After mid-June, the greenhouses are placed on both sides of the greenhouse. Every three meters or so are reserved. 1 vents, top cover shade net, the temperature during the day in the 25 ~ 30 °C, 20 ~ 22 °C at night, keep the temperature of the shelf does not exceed 32 °C. At the beginning of September, the shade nets were removed, and they were put into production after the fall of the greenhouse, and the air outlets on both sides of the greenhouse were closed in the later days. The greenhouse temperature was maintained at 20 to 30°C during the day and 15 to 20°C at night. The production was completed before and after the beginning of winter in early November.
2. Fertilizer management In the early spring of March, watering should not be excessive when planting in the early spring to prevent lowering of the ground temperature. After 5 to 7 days, the seedlings are poured and then watered once for 1 time. The door pepper is no longer watered before sitting. At the end of April and early May, during the period of expansion of the peppers, puffed water was poured 1 time, and 20 kg of fertilization was applied with the water chasing Shiwang. Later in the result period, the harvest will be applied once and water will be applied once. When the temperature in the summer shed is too high, depending on the weather conditions, it is possible to reduce the temperature by flooding the water in the working area, and once every 7 to 10 days. With the fall of temperature in the autumn, greenhouse peppers began to grow normally with lush foliage and increased flowering to form the peak of secondary production. At this time, water should be poured every 10 days or so, and 10 kg of urea should be topdressed with water.
3. Other management measures: First, the results of early spring, combined with the prevention of pests and diseases with 0.2% urea solution and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray fertilizer, enhance plant resistance to cold. The second is to use a laminating line () to cover the greenhouse in the summer and the skirt wind around the greenhouse to prevent the wind from loosing the greenhouse film and the shade net. The third is timely picking, especially the peppers and peppers, greenhouse peppers mainly take fruits, can be harvested 30 days after flowering, timely harvesting can promote the subsequent flowering results. In the fall, we must also pay attention to removing the old leaves and yellow leaves of the plant and enhance the light transmission in the field.
V. Integrated pest management
1. Disease prevention and control is mainly divided into physiological diseases and pathological diseases.
1 physiological disease.
The prevention and treatment of “three falls†disease (falling flowers, fallen fruits, fallen leaves): First, strengthen the temperature management in the greenhouse to prevent the occurrence of excessively low temperature and high temperature; second, keep the soil moisture suitable for preventing excessive drought or excessive turbidity; and third, strengthen the pests and diseases. Prevent and control, reduce the resulting falling, falling fruit, fallen leaves.
Strange fruit: After the onset, the fruit was small persimmon-shaped fruit, and later was strawberry-shaped. The skin was thick and hard, with bright color and bright fruit. The fruit had no seeds or seeds, and it had no spicy taste. The fruit did not become inflated and became a stale fruit. Control measures: First, flower buds for the period of differentiation to provide sufficient fertilizer and water, to ensure that the buds have adequate nutrition and healthy development; Second, to control the temperature of the greenhouse, flower bud differentiation period during the day temperature at 23 ~ 30 °C, 15 ~ 18 °C at night; , Irrigation with 700 ~ 1000 times zinc sulfate root irrigation, spray 0.3% boron fertilizer solution during flowering, and promote plant growth.
2 pathological diseases. The main reason for the occurrence of damping-off in seedling stage is low seedbed temperature and high humidity. The main measures for prevention and control of cultivation are the removal of diseased plants, the spraying of wood ash and dry soil to seedbeds, and the use of incandescent lamps for seedbed warming and brightening; the use of chlorothalonil in chemical control Copper hydroxide wettable powder and other sprays. Diseases in Datian production are mainly epidemics. This is a devastating disease. It is mainly based on chemical control. It can use 40% triethylphosphonate, 72.2% propamocarb and other sprays, spraying once every 5 to 6 days. , A total of 3 times prevention and treatment. Virus diseases mainly use virus A, phytosanitary spirits, etc. for prevention and treatment.
2. Insect pests mainly include aphids, whiteflies, tea aphids, tobacco budworms, cotton bollworms, and the like. Pyrethroid pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis, avermectin and other biological pesticides can be used for prevention and control.
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