When do stem cell treatment dreams come true?
February 05, 2015 Source: People's Daily
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In the National Science and Technology Awards recently issued, two stem cell research results - "the study of the establishment and regulation of mammalian pluripotent stem cells" and "the establishment and application of new technologies for adult stem cells to treat radiation damage" were awarded the national nature. Science Second Prize and Science and Technology Progress First Prize. This is the first national science and technology award for stem cell basic research and clinical application research in China, which once again ignited people's eager anticipation for stem cell therapy.
Major diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer are difficult to cure and the incidence rate is increasing. Traditional medicine with chemical drugs and surgical treatment as the mainstay is increasingly unable to do so. Regenerative medicine with stem cell technology as its core is the trend of the times. Stem cells with superior differentiation, renewal and repair capabilities are highly anticipated.
So, what is the overall progress of stem cell research in China? How far is the dream of using stem cell technology to treat diseases away from reality?
Basic research is at the forefront
Research papers grew 17 times in 10 years, researchers increased nearly 16 times, and patents ranked third in the world.
"Since entering the new century, the progress of stem cell research in China is indeed remarkable." Wu Zuze, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who is known as the founder of China's hematopoietic stem cell technology, told reporters that the country's support has increased significantly, stem cell research has become a number of research institutions and institutions of higher learning. The school's hot areas, both in adult stem cells and in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), have performed well.
The "Research on the establishment and regulation mechanism of mammalian pluripotent stem cells" won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award, which is the landmark result of China in the field of iPS cells. In 2006, Japan's Yamanaka Yamanu Research Group successfully developed iPS cells, breaking through the cell sources and ethical barriers that embryonic stem cells face in clinical applications, causing great sensation in the international scientific community.
However, scientists in various countries have been unable to prove that iPS cells can develop into healthy and healthy animals like embryonic stem cells, and their pluripotency has been questioned by the industry. Chinese scientists Zhou Qi, Zeng Fanyi, Gao Shaorong, etc., ended this controversy with beautiful research results: the use of iPS cells to produce healthy mice and offspring fully demonstrated that iPS cells have similar developmental pluripotency to embryonic stem cells. It has made outstanding contributions to the improvement of iPS theory and its application in regenerative medicine. In addition, they have developed a new method for obtaining human embryonic stem cell lines, and found molecular markers that can quickly determine the ability of stem cells to develop, which is highly valued by international peers.
The research progress of the Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is equally exciting: the world's first iPS pig has been cultivated, and the world problem of using cloned iPS cells to make cloned pigs has been solved, providing for the cultivation of humanized organs and organ transplantation for large animals. A new way; using the patient's urine cells to obtain transplantable neural stem cells, ushered in the dawn of stem cell treatment for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
"From 2004 to 2013, China's stem cell research papers increased from 234 to 3,779, an increase of nearly 17 times; the number of researchers who published articles increased from 733 to 12,325, nearly 16 times." According to Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University Principal Yan Gang introduced that the quality of the paper has also improved significantly. In 2013, the Science Citation Index (SCI) included 5,939 articles published in the journal, including 25 articles in the world's top magazines Nature, Science, and Cell. The impact factor is greater than 10. There are 137 articles in the article. At the same time, Chinese scientists applied for 1,679 stem cell patents, ranking third in the world, including 58 PCT international patent applications, ranking sixth.
Clinical research is worthy of praise
International research and development of mesenchymal cell drugs, more than 2,800 cases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
It is a common dream of scientists to develop stem cell drugs (products), form standardized clinical treatment programs, and apply stem cell research results to major disease treatments. In this regard, Chinese scientists have also made significant progress.
Stem cell drug development is a new topic worldwide, and the development of relevant standards is the first step. Under the leadership of Dr. Zhao Chunhua, the Tissue Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the China National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products in 2003 formulated the first preparation and verification standard for the preparation of stem cell pharmaceutical preparations in China - "Procedures for the manufacture and verification of mesenchymal stem cells". In December 2004, the "Bone marrow primordial mesenchymal stem cells" developed by Zhao Chunhua's team for the treatment of hematological malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, etc., received the first phase clinical trial approval for new drugs, marking the study of new adult drug stem cells in China at that time. leading position. In April 2006, “Bone Marrow Raw Mesenchymal Stem Cells†received Phase II clinical trial approvals, and completed clinical trials on safety and efficacy in several national clinical pharmacology bases such as Peking University People's Hospital.
The project “The establishment and application of new technologies for adult stem cells to treat radiation damage†won the first prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, and made many breakthroughs in stem cell clinical treatment. Chen Hu, director of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation department of the 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, told the reporter that they have established a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation technology system from various sources, which overcomes the single source of traditional bone marrow transplant donors, low compliance, and slow reconstruction speed. The "bottleneck" with many complications has successfully solved the hematopoietic reconstitution problem of irreversible bone marrow failure caused by radiation sickness. The first combination of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of iatrogenic bone marrow type radiation sickness has promoted hematopoietic reconstitution and radiation. The repair of organ damage, and reduced transplant rejection, opened up a new way to treat radiation damage. According to reports, they have accumulated more than 2,800 cases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
In the use of stem cells for spinal cord injury repair, Chinese scientists have also taken the first step. The collagen-based nerve regeneration scaffold developed by Dai Jianwu's regenerative medicine research team of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, combined with mesenchymal stem cells implanted in the patient's spinal cord, can guide spinal cord regeneration. As of the end of January this year, 4 clinical trials have been successfully carried out, and the postoperative conditions are relatively stable. Previously, the Dai Jianwu team used collagen biomaterials combined with autologous bone marrow stem cells to repair the scarred uterine wall of infertile patients and successfully guided endometrial regeneration. Three of the first 9 infertile patients had been born successfully.
Foreign research is in full swing
Last year, scientists have cultivated tissues and organs such as stomach and kidney, and approved more than 4,000 clinical trials of stem cells.
Stem cell research has always been an international hotspot. According to experts, in recent years, developed countries have spared no effort in basic research and clinical trials of stem cells, which is called "in full swing."
In basic research, foreign scientists have made great progress in cultivating human tissues and organs using stem cells. In 2014 alone, the highlights are frequent -
Researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK have used skin cells to create artificial artificial eggs, which is expected to open up new avenues for infertility treatment;
Japanese researchers in the adult test mice first cultivated stereoscopic tubular kidney tissue with adult stem cells in vitro;
American scientists use human embryonic stem cell iPS cells to produce tiny "stomach-like" organs. This sesame-sized living tissue has the same glandular structure as the human stomach and can even contain intestinal bacteria .
In clinical trials, scientists in the United States, Japan, and Korea have conducted numerous clinical trials in adolescent blindness, age-related macular degeneration, and myocardial infarction. According to incomplete statistics, there were more than 4,000 clinical trials of stem cells approved in foreign countries last year, of which more than 400 were using mesenchymal stem cells.
Experts pointed out that as a revolutionary new technology, stem cell research and clinical trials will not be smooth, but from the progress made at home and abroad, the door to the use of stem cells to relieve major human diseases has been opened, and the prospects are promising.
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