In China, 80% of the soil is in a state of consolidation, which leads to more fertilizers and less production. More and more fertilizers are fixed by the soil and the crops cannot be absorbed and utilized, resulting in low soil fertility. What causes China's soil consolidation? What should we do in peacetime to prevent and improve?
What is soil consolidation
Soil compaction refers to the phenomenon that the surface layer of the soil is destroyed under the influence of external factors, soil material is dispersed, and it is affected by cohesion after drying. This is a problem often encountered in agricultural production. The aggregate structure of soil is an important indicator of soil fertility. The destruction of soil aggregates results in a decrease in soil water retention, fertility conservation, and permeability, resulting in soil compaction.
Soil consolidation causes
First, organic matter content is low.
The use of organic fertilizers with low organic matter content will affect the activity of microorganisms, thus affecting the formation of soil aggregates, leading to soil compaction.
Second, long-term single use of chemical fertilizers, ignoring the use of biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers.
(1) Excessive nitrogen fertilizer. After the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, the nitrogen supply of microorganisms increased by 1 and the corresponding consumed carbon increased by 25. The carbon consumed was derived from soil organic matter, and the organic matter content was low, affecting the activity of microorganisms and affecting the soil. The formation of granule structure leads to soil compaction.
(2) Excessive phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate ions in phosphate fertilizers combine with calcium, magnesium and other cations in the soil to form insoluble phosphates, which wastes phosphate fertilizers and destroys soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.
(3) Excessive potassium. Potassium ions can displace polyvalent cations that form a soil aggregate structure, whereas monovalent potassium ions do not have a bond bridge, and the bonds and bridges of the soil aggregate structure are destroyed, destroying the aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.
Third, the lack of surface water resources, the use of groundwater with high salinity, low water temperature.
Fourth, wind and sand, soil erosion, surface soil layer of small particles were taken away, so that the soil structure was destroyed.
Fifth, the acidity of the soil is too large or too small. Acid rain as follows.
Six, plastic products are not completely dissolved. If the plastic mulch or the like is not cleaned in time, it cannot be completely decomposed in the soil.
VII. The farmland soil texture is too sticky and the cultivation layer is shallow.
The hazards of soil compaction
1. Affect root development. In the case of soil compaction, the lack of oxygen causes a decrease in root vigor and does not develop normally. The respiration of the plant roots is weakened, and nitrogen and other nutrients are present in an ionic state, which consumes the energy generated by the metabolism of the cells and decreases the respiration. Therefore, the lack of energy supply affects the absorption of nutrients.
2. Lead to a deficiency of the disease. The deficiency of the disease is not necessarily the lack of such elements in the soil, but is caused by a decrease in the absorption capacity of the root caused by a series of problems such as soil compaction, inappropriate pH, or unbalanced supply of soil moisture.
How to prevent soil compaction
1, increase organic fertilizer. The application of manure, circulatory fertilizer, and earth-miscellaneous fertilizer and the use of crop stalks to produce high-quality organic manure in order to increase the content of organic matter in the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and prevent soil compaction.
2, increase microbial fertilizer. Microbial secretions can dissolve the phosphate in the soil, releasing phosphorus and potassium, restoring the structure of the granules in the form of bond bridges, and eliminating soil compaction.
3, implement sprinkler irrigation. Or promote the use of summer rainwater storage, make full use of surface water. Deep well water can also be used conditionally.
4, straw returned to the field. Straw returning can reduce unnecessary soil loss to protect the soil structure from damage.
5. Release the skeleton.
In short, soil hardening is a big hazard. When farmers grow crops, they must pay attention to soil conservation, apply organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, etc. to improve soil consolidation and increase soil fertility.
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