Winter wheat is mostly planted in the autumn and harvested in the summer of the second year after vernalization. General field production 300-600 kilograms, of which high-yield levels above 400 kilograms; longer growth period, mainly including emergence, childbirth, green, up, jointing, booting, flowering, mature and other different periods. The characteristics of fertilizer requirements, fertilization and fertilization techniques are as follows:
Fertilizer requirement
It is a critical period for fertilizers to get up to the jointing stage. Seedling stage (emergence to return to green) is dominated by vegetative growth, with weak nutrient absorption. The cumulative absorption of N, P, and K nutrients during the tillering stage is less than 10% of the total absorption, but the vegetative growth and N and P at the booting stage (turning green to heading) Accumulation of potassium nutrients up to more than 75% of total absorption is the peak nutrient absorption. About half of these nutrients come from fertilizers, of which phosphorus and potassium are mainly based on basal fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers are based and topdressing is heavy, and topdressing is dominated by nitrogen. Therefore, it is a critical period for nitrogen fertilizers to rise up to jointing.
Fertilization at the tillering stage is influenced by many factors. Wheat is a single-plant tiller crop, and the number of effective panicles per acre is closely related to yield per mu. However, the tillering stage is sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. Over-application can easily result in increased tillering and plant lodging. The growth and delivery of wheat are also related to the effects of variety characteristics, seeding rate, sowing quality, soil fertility and lyrics, and climatic conditions. Therefore, specific conditions such as soil fertility, lyrics, and seedling conditions in spring will determine the amount of nitrogen applied and fertilization period, and will be comprehensively managed.
Rotation and fertilization must be balanced. Winter wheat mostly rotates with summer sowing crops such as summer maize. The characteristics of crop rotation should be considered in fertilization. The two crops should be considered as one body: the amount of nitrogen applied in the two crops is roughly the same, but the phosphorus fertilizer should be mainly applied to winter wheat, and the main potassium fertilizer should be applied to summer maize. .
Fertilization principle
Improve fertilization techniques. Advocating the application of organic fertilizers, the implementation of straw returning, the organic and inorganic fertilizers should be applied in accordance with the principle of "appropriate nitrogen, stable phosphorus, and supplementing microbes", and appropriately reduce the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, and adjust the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer and recovery. To reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in divided doses; according to the characteristics of the seedlings, lyrics, and characteristics of different wheat areas, different comprehensive water and fertilizer management measures should be adopted. To control the total number of stems per mu in the 600,000-800,000, see seedlings classified fertilizer. For the weak seedling field with a total stem number of less than 450,000, priority should be given to early-to-green cultivation, and the amount of nitrogen applied should be appropriately increased; Wangmiaotian with a total stem number higher than 800,000 should be top-dressed after jointing. And appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen.
Strengthen comprehensive management. According to the local climate characteristics and fertilization conditions, the varieties that can normally grow and mature, have high spike rate, and have strong stress resistance; select seeds for screening, drying, disinfection, etc. before sowing; appropriate sowing, appropriate sowing, and improved soil preparation and Planting quality; pre-winter and return-to-green management, winter water in northern winter wheat should be poured, return to green period, according to seedling conditions, soil moisture content, soil fertility as appropriate irrigation and fertilization; wheat to stand before heading is a key period of fertilization, according to seedlings Situation classification management; after heading, appropriate irrigation and spraying foliar fertilizers should be adopted to prevent premature aging of wheat, increase grain weight, and control pests and diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, aphids, armyworm, and midge.
Fertilization technology
1 nutrient application amount. The total fertilizer per acre: N12-15 kg, P2O56-8 kg, K2O4-8 kg. 2 fertilizer application amount. Basal fertilizer: Advocate the application of organic manure, apply 1500-2000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, 6-8 kg of urea or 20-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, or 40-50 kg of superphosphate, chlorinated Potassium 5-10 kg; if compound fertilizer is used, medium-nitrogen-phosphorus low-potassium type, such as 15-20-10 or 16-20-18, should be used in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain; in the Yangtze River Basin, NPK should be used. Equal or similar general-purpose compound fertilizers, such as 15-15-15 or 12-15-18, etc., apply 30-40 kg per acre. Top dressing: returning to the jointing stage of urea 15-20 kg, 1 or 2 times. For strong gluten wheat, 3-5 kg ​​of urea can be added during the flowering period.
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