First, the importance of disinfection management
In the current state of cultivation in our country, the key to prevention and control of any diseases in beef cattle breeding farms is to improve biological safety and strengthen disinfection management. In China's farming situation, the vast majority of farmed animals are small and medium sized beef cattle breeding farms, as well as surplus rural laborers. In the breeding process, the disinfecting management is often neglected and the following problems often occur:
1. The importance of farm isolation from the outside world is often overlooked in farms
Due to reasons such as site selection and poor management, the farms and the external environment have become the de facto objects of various kinds of objects (especially pollutants) that have unobstructed communication sites, resulting in widespread disease transmission.
2, often ignore the importance of isolation of animals and urine
The method of raising the ground on a flat level keeps animals in contact with excreted urine at all times, and it bears a small number of infected animals. The ground contains nutrient-rich excreta, which is a good medium for bacteria to rapidly reproduce, and as a result, diseases are increasingly aggravated.
Therefore, regular excretion of urine, so that beef cattle live in a segregated environment with the urine is an effective control of disease protection.
3, Disinfection awareness is not strong, ignore the importance of disinfection
Disinfection is a key technology to stop disease in farms or animals. Its role is that vaccine prevention and control of antibiotics cannot be solved.
Because the pathogens are present in the animal homes and outside the environment, reaching a certain concentration can induce disease; excessively high rearing density will also accelerate the accumulation of pathogens and increase the chance of disease infection; diseases are mostly mixed infections (co-infection) an antibiotic Can not treat a variety of diseases; many diseases have no good drugs and vaccines; after vaccination, antibodies are produced before the risk of a high risk of the disease, the initial antibody when the effectiveness is lower than the external pollution, reducing the number of external pathogens can reduce the chance of infection . Therefore, disinfection is of great significance.
Sterilization can be broad-spectrum sterilization, anti-virus, kill pathogenic microorganisms in vitro and its environment. Only through disinfection can reduce the cost of drug use, and disinfect the problem of no residual body. Therefore, disinfection is the most cost-effective health care.
4. The farm often misunderstands that there is a mistake: It is considered safe to vaccinate and not to be disinfected as required; pathogenic microorganisms cannot see or touch, and there is no confidence in disinfection. It is skeptical of the effectiveness of disinfection; medicines can be treated with health care, and there is no value in disinfecting the ground environment; importance is attached to the disinfection before entering the house, and the disinfection after entering the house is ignored; the disinfection is not thorough, non-standard, and does not last long; the animal body and air are neglected. , drinking water and ground disinfection; disinfecting pool does not exist, or useless; disinfectant used improperly, resulting in poor disinfection; expectations of the vaccine is too high, think that as long as the vaccination is all right, the objective situation is that the protection of the vaccine is relatively The limited, vaccine can not be used as an alternative to environmental disinfection, only good management, beef cattle have a healthy constitution, the vaccine can play its best effect.
Second, the common method of disinfection:
1, physical disinfection method
Sunshine, ultraviolet rays, drying.
Sunlight is a natural disinfectant. The ultraviolet rays in its spectrum have strong sterilizing ability, and the drying caused by sunlight irradiation also has a bactericidal effect. When sunlight strikes for a few minutes to several hours, it can kill common viruses and pathogens. This natural advantage should be fully utilized.
Artificial UV disinfection is more commonly used in poultry farms. The general requirement is more than 30 minutes, and it only has a good disinfection effect on the surface smooth objects.
The use of flame at high temperatures for cauterization and baking is a simple and effective method of disinfection. Metal instruments can be flame sterilized. For various metal objects, glassware, clothing, etc. can also be boiled and disinfected, which can add a little alkali, such as 1% to 2% soda, etc., to promote the dissolution of protein, fat, to prevent metal rust. Increasing the temperature can increase the disinfection effect.
Excrement, bedding, contaminated rubbish, items of little value, dead bodies of dead chickens, etc. can be burned with flames.
2, chemical disinfection method.
Common disinfectants: Lasoir (solubilic soap solution), formalin (formaldehyde solution), quicklime (calcium oxide), and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) have a strong bactericidal effect and are used to disinfect the beef barn, Utensils and vehicles. Bleaching powder (chlorine-containing lime) hydrolyzes to produce hypochlorous acid, nascent oxygen and chlorine, which has strong bactericidal action. The solution of benzalkonium bromide (benzyl bromide) is a soda foam. It has better killing effect against pyogenic bacteria, intestinal bacteria and some viruses, but it has no good killing effect on fungi. A 0.05%-0.1% aqueous solution is used for handwashing, a 0.1% aqueous solution is used for spray disinfection of egg shells and incubators and utensils, and a 0.15%-0.2% solution is used for spray disinfection in the house. Peracetic acid is a strong oxidant and has a strong killing effect on bacteria, spores and fungi. Commonly used 0.5% solution spraying chicken house ground, trough and so on. The indoor air is sterilized with 10-15 ml of a 20% solution per cubic meter, diluted to 3%-5%, heated and fumigated, the indoor humidity is 60%-80%, and the doors and windows are closed for 1-2 hours. Potassium permanganate reacts with water to generate new oxygen, oxidize bacteria, and destroy bacterial metabolism. Used to disinfect skin, mucous membranes and wounds. This product solution needs to be used now.
At present, commonly used disinfectants in beef cattle breeding include iodine preparations and quaternary ammonium salts.
III. Disinfection measures during the epidemic
Although the management of beef cattle farms is rigorous, it is in a complicated and complicated environment and it will inevitably suffer the impact of external diseases. Therefore, the disinfection work in all aspects should be strengthened during this period:
1. Personnel and vehicles entering or exiting the disinfectant Beef cattle farm entrance or entrance to the production area is equipped with a disinfectant pool. 2% caustic soda water is always kept in the tank. Vehicles passing in and out must pass through the disinfecting tank. The vehicle body uses 2% to 3% of Suer water solution. Spray disinfection.
Personnel entering the site must undergo a disinfection pool to sterilize booties; personnel entering the production area should change clothes, bathe in the disinfection room, wear disinfected work clothes, caps and boots, and enter the production area after disinfection. Workers must wash their hands before contacting herds, feed, etc.
2, environmental disinfection
The surrounding area of ​​the production area and livestock house is cleaned once a day and sprayed with 2% caustic soda or 0.2% sodium hypochlorite solution.
3. Sterilization of livestock houses and carcasses
Sterilization of livestock houses and carcasses should be regarded as a key point, as diseased animals often discharge large amounts of pathogenic microorganisms to the outside to contaminate the environment of livestock houses. The ground, trough and water tank of the livestock house should be cleaned twice a day. The ground should be sprayed with 2%-3% caustic soda water, and the water tank and trough should be washed with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite solution. Use 0.2%-0.3% peracetic acid or 0.2% sodium hypochlorite solution in the livestock house spray disinfection, 1-2 times a day. In order to kill pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of livestock, in the air of animals, on the ground and on equipment.
After the epidemic is over, the herd is eliminated or completely transferred out of the barn for cleaning and disinfection. The procedure is to completely remove dust and cobwebs from livestock excreta, litter, roofs, and walls, and move the equipment out of the house. Use high-pressure water gun to flush the floor, ground net, wall, vents and roof of the livestock house. After the ground in the barn is dry, it is sprayed with 2%-3% caustic soda water or 0.2% sodium hypochlorite. Afterwards, close the doors and windows and use 42ml formalin per cubic meter of space for fumigation for 24 hours. After the above disinfection, the livestock house is idle for three to four weeks and new beef cattle are allowed to enter.
3. Properly dispose of sick animals and dead bodies
Diseased livestock with the secretions and excreta continue to expel pathogens to pollute the environment, and dead bodies are also special vectors. Therefore, it is forbidden to bring infected animals or their bodies into the market or to dump them at will. The carcasses of sick or dead animals should be transported by special personnel in a tight container and put into a dedicated corpse well for deep burial or incineration.
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