Autumn delay tomato dead tree Raiders
This article analyzes the following aspects from the following aspects, and hopes to help everyone.
First, the soil problem
Including soil texture, acid-base balance, salt, permeability and so on. Tomato adaptability is strong, but it is best in sandy loam and loam. The ph value is between 5.5 and 7.0, and the soil salt is less than 0.5. It is required that the soil is loose and breathable, the arable layer is deep, and the organic matter is reduced by 1.5 or more.
What is the reality? Because of the partial application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizer, the soil is too acidic and the salt is too high. The consequence of this is that it causes waste of fertilizer on the one hand, and the imbalance of acid and alkali in the soil on the other hand, which destroys the physical and chemical properties of the soil and reduces the disease resistance of the tomato.
Organic and beneficial microorganisms are severely deficient. A sufficient amount of organic matter and beneficial microorganisms not only improve the physical properties of the soil, but also enhance the commercial value of the tomatoes. However, many growers have insufficient understanding of organic matter and microorganisms, and the methods used are not appropriate, and the effects are not reflected. This is because there is a misunderstanding in the choice of fertilizer, the amount of use and the method of use. When purchasing organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers, you must purchase large-scale brand products with complete licenses. The amount of organic matter and the type and amount of biological fertilizer are particularly important. When using farmyard manure and soil fertilizer, it must be fully fermented and fermented to ensure that the seedlings are not burned without burning.
The reduction of the soil plated tillage layer directly affected the growth of tomato roots. When planting summer and autumn delay tomatoes, a considerable number of farmers do not plough the land and do not turn the land, planting directly at the location of the tree, let alone the application of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer. Due to soil compaction, the root system is difficult to sag, resulting in many spring roots, aerial roots, and the like. Such roots can not only make tomatoes grow stronger, but also cause ulcer disease, necrosis of the marrow, blight, etc. These diseases can directly lead to the death of tomatoes.
Second, the problem of fertilization
Tomatoes are too long to reproduce multiple soil-borne diseases. Adding organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer can be said to be a very good soil improvement method. However, many growers have made a lot of mistakes when using organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers:
1, the amount is small. Two bags of one acre, or even one bag. Such a small amount of water is a drop in the bucket for sick soil. Organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers have a base requirement for use, and farmland practitioners generally recommend 300-400 kilograms per mu.
2. Use the quality of the fertilizer to mix the beads. When choosing organic fertilizer, you should not only look at the complete documentation, but also the source and processing technology of organic matter. Compared with organic fertilizer, the biological fertilizer is more stressful. When buying bio-fertilizer, don’t just stare at it. The number of the target bacteria is high and low, and there are also the types of bacteria, whether it is a single strain or a composite strain, and the effects of different strains are different. In addition to this, we must look at the reproductive capacity of the strains and so on.
3, the use of the method error. Organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers are mainly used for the base fertilizer, and the soil is also required to have a certain amount of water. In this case, the organic matter will decompose quickly, and the biological bacteria can reproduce quickly.
Third, the root treatment of tomato seedlings before planting
Root strength can grow well, so root treatment is a key to preventing various soil-borne diseases. We can use fungicides to kill the roots of tomato seedlings before colonization.
Here, farmland walkers have two sets of mature technical solutions to share with you: 1. Acetate + chlorobromoisocyanuric acid + ruthenium clearing water 30 kg, soak the seedling tray in the package solution for four or five seconds (solution must be Want to flow over the seedling tray), after 8 hours of planting, can effectively prevent bacterial wilt, blight, root rot, stem-based rot, ulcer disease, etc.; 2, with root care agent (to the fungus) 30g 15 kg of water roots, and then removed, can effectively prevent the occurrence of root diseases.
Fourth, planting technology
Tomato planting is required for depth. According to the size of the seedlings, it is generally required to exceed 1 to 2 cm of the upper part of the roots of the tomato seedlings. Too shallow causes the seedlings to be light and easy to fall, the roots of the surface are many, the growth is weak; too deep, the seedlings are slow, the roots are slow, and even rotten.
In July and August, when the outside temperature is high, the outside temperature is high and the soil temperature is not low. Therefore, the planting water must be poured through the planting. According to the soil texture, generally the sticky loam is watered three days before the seedlings are planted, and the water holding capacity of the water-contained soil on the day of planting and controlling is too large; the sandy soil is recommended to be watered 3 to 4 hours before planting.
When summer (autumn delay) is planted when the outside temperature and ground temperature are relatively high, farmland walkers recommend that growers do not cover the mulch immediately after tomato planting. Because the soil temperature will continue to rise after covering the mulch, it will be more unfavorable for root growth of tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and even burn roots. Moreover, the high-temperature and high-humidity gas coming out from the pores of the membrane can cause burns on the base of the stem of the seedling, and cause stem-based rot. Therefore, it is recommended to cover the mulch after 20 days of planting, and the mulch orifice must be pressed with soil. At least 2 times of root culture should be done in the 20 days before the mulching film to reduce the growth of aerial roots.
5. Management points after slow seedlings and slow seedlings
10-15 days after planting is the slow seedling period of tomatoes, during which the seedlings are transformed from assisted growth to autonomous growth. The quality of the seedlings in the slow seedling period is directly related to the later growth. At least 2 times of soiling should be completed during the slow seedling period, and the height of the 2 times of soiling is 5-7 cm. The purpose of the soil is to prevent the tomato seedlings from growing long; the second is to keep the roots in the soil to prevent the generation of aerial roots.
In addition to the soil, the management of fertilizer and water in the slow seedling period is also very important. The time of pouring the seedling water depends on the growth of the seedlings and the temperature and the drought of the soil. If the growth is strong, it can be watered later, otherwise it can be watered earlier, usually 10-15 days after planting. get on. When pouring the seedling water, it is necessary to apply some fertilizer with water to promote the growth of the seedlings. The microbial fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are mainly used, and a small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer can also be applied.
Sixth, prevent water accumulation in the field
July and August are the seasons of heavy rainfall. In the environment of high temperature and high humidity, many pathogens are easy to breed and spread, which is harmful to the growth of tomatoes, so we must do a good job in the field.
1. When selecting a plot, try to choose a plot with a high terrain.
2. High ridge cultivation. The ridge height is around 25 cm. It not only prevents flooding, but also improves soil permeability and improves the rhizosphere growth environment of tomatoes.
3. Dig the drainage ditch. Dig the drainage ditch before the rainy season, when the rainfall is too large, the water can be drained smoothly.
4. Watering after the rain. Rain is hot, it can damage some of the young roots of tomatoes. After the rainfall and drainage, the groundwater should be pumped once and lowered, and the temperature of the soil should be lowered. This watering does not require topdressing. Foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fungicides to promote crop growth, kill harmful bacteria and cut off the source of infection.
5. Apply microbial fertilizer. Before the planting or before the rainy season, some biological fertilizers can be applied, which can play a good role in loosening and activating the soil, and can also inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacterial fertilizers in the soil.
Seven, prevent pests and diseases in advance
Don't wait until you find a disease and pest, think of it, and always tighten your mind to prevent this string. To achieve cure, no disease, no insects. Prevention is the lowest cost. It is recommended to return to prevent the outbreak of some soft worms.
8. Don't neglect to maintain the root system throughout the growing season.
The healthy growth of tomatoes is not only necessary to maintain the roots in the early growth stage, but also to maintain the whole growth period. A large number of elements are combined with medium and trace elements, and a large number of elements are combined with microbial bacteria and fertilizers. To make these combinations, not only the fruits grow well, but also the roots are always strong and the trees are always strong. The roots are strong and the natural disease is less!
(Excerpted from 191 agricultural capitalists, the original text has been slightly changed.)
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