Onion planting technology and common pest control methods [Illustration]

Onions are not called scallions, onions, jade, etc. They are biennial herbaceous plants of the genus Liliaceae. Different spheres are related to early and late maturity. Generally, the flatter the more mature the spheroids, the different yields of the cultivars are different, and the early maturity is flat. The variety is generally 4,500 to 5,500 kilograms per mu, and the mid-late and late-maturing varieties are generally 5,000 to 5,500 kilograms per mu. Let's take a look at the cultivation method of onions!

Onion cultivar

1. Red onion: The onion is purple-red, the scales are slightly reddish, flat or spherical, with a diameter of 8 to 10 cm. Resistant to storage, transportation, short dormancy, early germination, from early maturity to mid-maturing, harvest from late May to early June. It is widely cultivated throughout East China. Representative varieties are Shanghai Red Leather and so on.

2, yellow onion: onion head brass to pale yellow, scales fleshy, yellowish and soft, spicy and strong. It is oblate and has a diameter of 6 to 8 cm. More resistant to storage, transportation, early maturing to medium maturity. The yield is lower than that of the red skin, but the quality is good and can be used for dehydration processing. Representative varieties are Lianyungang 84-1, DK Huang, OP Huang, Dabao, Lai Xuan 13 and so on.

3, white onion: white onion, scales fleshy, white, oblate spherical, and some are high round and spindle shape, diameter 5 ~ 6 cm. High quality, suitable for raw materials for dehydration processing or ingredients for canned food. However, the yield is low and the disease resistance is weak. It is premature in the autumn of the Yangtze River, and it is easy to convulse in advance. Representative varieties include Hami white skin and so on.

Onion planting conditions 1. Temperature: Onion has strong adaptability to temperature. Seeds and bulbs can be slowly germinated at 3~5 °C, seedlings grow at a suitable temperature of 12-20 °C, and robust seedlings can withstand ~6-7 °C. Low temperature, bulb expansion requires a higher temperature, but if the temperature is too high, it will grow and fall into dormancy.

2, light: Onion is a long-day crop, in the bulb expansion period and twitching flowering period requires more than 14 hours of long-day conditions to grow normally, under high temperature and short-day conditions, only long leaves can not form onion, suitable light The strength is 20,000 to 4,000 lux.

3. Moisture: Onions should be supplied with sufficient water during the germination period, the seedling growth period and the bulb expansion period. However, it is necessary to control the water during the seedling period and before the winter, to prevent the seedlings from growing and suffering from freezing damage. Drought-tolerant, suitable for 60 to 70% humidity, high humidity is prone to disease.

4. Soil: Onion has strong adaptability to soil. It is suitable for fertile and loose aerated neutral loam. Sandy loam is easy to obtain high yield, but clay loam is full of bulbs, good color and storage resistance. Onion roots have a weaker ability to absorb fertilizer, and high yields require adequate nutrient conditions.

Onion seedling technology

1. Sowing time: The selection of onion is the key to cultivating strong seedlings. Seeding is too early, the seedlings are easy to be bolted after winter, the seedlings are weak, the cold resistance is poor, and the phosphorus stems are small and the yield is low. Taking the Huanghuai River Basin as an example, the best sowing date is mid-September.

2. Seeding quantity: Under normal conditions, the seeding rate per acre of seedling bed is 4-5 kg. Considering the need to eliminate and weak 20% of weak and inferior seedlings, the cultivation area should be 15 times that of the sowing seedbed. If the rate is below 70%, the amount of seeding should be increased as appropriate.

3, for 畦 fertilization: 畦 height 1.4 ~ 1.5 meters, 畦 width 27 cm, after the surface is leveled, 15 kg per phosphate per mu of superphosphate, fermented organic soil mixed fertilizer 4 acres per mu as base fertilizer, combined with watering after emergence Spraying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, applying 10 kg of urea per mu.

4, sowing method: After the surface is leveled, water first, then spread evenly. After covering 0.8 cm of nutrient soil, ensure that the seedlings are seeded. After the broadcast, if the sensation can not meet the requirements of emergence, water can be sprayed with watering can be used to promote emergence, and it can also be germinated after sowing.

5, emergence management: onions should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of mildew and blight after emergence. The method is to use 50% carbendazim or 40% chlorothalonil 150 g per acre, and spray evenly on water 30-40 kg.

Onion field management

1. Watering: After about 20 days after the onion is planted, it will enter the slow seedling period. At this time, it can not be watered in a large amount. If too much watering will lower the ground temperature, the young seedlings will slow down. At the same time, the new roots of newly planted seedlings have not yet germinated, and they can not be dehydrated. At this stage, the number of watering the onions should be more, and the amount of watering should be less. The principle is not to make the seedlings wilted, not to dry the ground, so as to promote the rapid growth of the seedlings. Roots come alive.

2, fertilization: onions per acre nitrogen 13 ~ 15 kg, phosphorus 8 ~ 10 kg, potassium 10 ~ 12 kg, should not be too heavy nitrogen. Spring sowing onion seedlings should be kept moist before and after soil excavation, watering, diligently cultivating, fertilizing and watering in the period of leaf growth and bulb expansion, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. Potassium sulfate 3 to 5 kg.

3, loose soil: loose soil is beneficial to the development of onion root system and bulb expansion, generally 3 to 4 times in the seedling stage, combined with each watering, the stem and leaf growth period is carried out 2 to 3 times, to the plant seal Stop cultivating after the ridge. The depth of cultivating should be about 3 cm, the planting area should be shallow, and the place away from the plant should be deep.

4, in addition to cockroaches: For early twitching onions, before the formation of the flower ball, cut off from the lower part of the flower bud, or separate from the tip of the flower bud, tearing two pieces from top to bottom, preventing flowering from consuming nutrients, promoting lateral bud growth, forming Enriched bulbs, while spraying the fruit at the same time. Practice has proved that for the plants that are previously convulsed, certain yields can still be obtained after removing the mites.

Onion harvesting method

1. Picking time: Onion harvesting is generally from the end of May to the beginning of June. When the onion leaves gradually turn yellow from bottom to top, the pseudo stems become soft and begin to fall, the bulbs stop expanding, and the outer leather is in a dormant stage, indicating that the bulbs are mature and should be harvested in time.

2, harvesting and drying: After harvesting the onion, it should be aired in time, and the onion plants should be arranged diagonally so that the stems and leaves of the latter row are just covered on the onion of the previous row to avoid direct exposure of the onion to the sun. Turn it 1 time in 2 to 3 days, until the leaves are yellow.

Onion storage method

1. Hanging storage method: After drying, the onion leaves are braided and grown into hazelnuts. The hazelnuts are combined into a bundle and then aired for 5 to 6 days. After the sun-dried onions are fully dried, the neck is completely turned into a cortex and hung under the eaves or indoors. If it is hung indoors, the hanging room is required to be well ventilated and kept dry.

2, the accumulation method: choose a place with high terrain and good drainage, first use straw or wheat straw bottom, then put two layers of lush mat, then put the onion head after the leaves on the mat, surrounded by a mat, and use the rope Tighten to avoid direct sunlight or rain.

3. Treasury method: There is a constant temperature library to remove the onion leaves and directly tiling on the vegetable rack for storage. It can also be stored in a cold storage. The cold storage is stored as a forced dormancy method. When the onion head is about to germinate by dormancy, it enters a low temperature environment, allowing the onion to continue to sleep to prolong the storage period.

Method for seeding onions 1. Method for collecting large bulbs: The method of collecting large bulbs is a method of seed collection in most areas of China. Sowing in the first year from September to October, the winter seedlings are exposed or stored for winter. In the summer of the next year, we harvested large bulbs and selected excellent individuals. After storage, we eliminated the susceptible plants, planted the fields from September to November, planted the mother balls in the third year of the cold regions, harvested the seeds in June, and harvested seeds from planting to harvesting. 21 to 23 months.

2, small bulb seed collection method: small bulb seed collection method is often used in spring sowing areas. In early spring, the soil is thawed and broadcasted early, and the small bulbs mature in summer. The bulbs with a diameter of more than 3 cm are selected. After storage for winter, the second year is planted and harvested. From sowing to harvesting for about 16 to 19 months, the seed collection period is shortened and the cost is reduced. It can be used for breeding production, but it has no degeneration due to the selection of mature bulb traits.

3, small plant seed collection method: small plant seed collection method, also known as non-balloon seed collection method, the first year of July to September sowing, grow into a large seedling before winter, to reach the green body vernalization standard and pass the vernalization stage to ensure the second year The plants are twitching and flowering, and the cycle is about 11 to 13 months. The seed collection cycle is shortened, but the bulbs are not formed, and their species are degraded. At the same time, due to the inheritance of the early convulsion traits, the failure of cultivating bulbs in production will be caused.

4. Continuous seed collection method: After collecting seeds with large bulbs, several small bulbs are formed at the base of the plant, which are harvested and harvested in autumn after harvesting. The dry areas can also be in situ in summer, and the original one bulb is changed after germination. Into 3 to 4 female bulbs. The number of flowering buds in the next year is the first year of seed collection, and the second year of seed collection reduces the cost, shortens the seed collection cycle, ensures the quality of the seeds, and increases the yield.

Onion pest control

1. Onion rust: spray with 20% powder rusting emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, control once every 7 to 10 days, and prevent 2 to 3 times continuously.

2, onion downy mildew: use 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 7 to 10 days to prevent once, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times.

3, onion white rot: spray with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, control once every 7 days, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times.

4, onion blight: spray with 68% Jin Lei Duoer 1000 times, 7-10 days to prevent once, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times.

5, onion gray mold: with 50% of the phlegm hyacinth 1500 times liquid spray, 10 days of prevention and control, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times.

6, onion black spot: with 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times liquid spray, 10 days control once, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times.

7, onion soft rot: with neomycin oxytocin 4000 ~ 5000 times liquid control, 7 days treatment once, continuous prevention 1 or 2 times.

8, root 蛆: in the initial stage of the disease every 7 to 10 days spray once 48% Le Si Ben emulsifiable milk 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid, even spray 2 ~ 3 times.

9. Liriomyza sativae: 5% to 2 times of 2.5% deltamethrin or 20% fenvalerate or other pyrethroid pesticides 1500-2000 times in the early stage of egg-laying.

10, onion horse: in the peak of its nymph spray 5% Ruijin special suspension 3000 times liquid or 10% imidacloprid WP 2500 times solution, spray every 7 to 10 days, even spray 2 to 3 times Just fine.

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