Analysis of common problems in transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy
Many people don't know that transcranial magnetic stimulators can be used in many areas of treatment. Some babies have tics, and many parents don't know why. In fact, this is tic disorder, also known as ADHD. At first, it is squinting, twisting your mouth, and when you don’t squint, you start to clear your throat, snoring, snoring, shaking your head, etc. These symptoms are repeated and repeated. Time is heavy, this disease not only affects the health of the child. It will also affect your baby's normal life. I can't study normally. Parents don't know how to treat it, and transcranial magnetic stimulation can help children say goodbye to these painful torments. This technology has been widely used worldwide since its inception. The United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, Denmark, Japan, Israel, China and many other countries and regions use this technology to conduct diagnostic, therapeutic and scientific research projects on a wider scale.
1. What is Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-systemic (non-invasive blood circulation), non-invasive neuromodulation therapy that treats disease by concentrating nerve cells with a magnetic pulse equivalent to the intensity of nuclear magnetic resonance at a relevant part of the brain. The role.
2. What is the mechanism of transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy?
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation technology is a new medical technology developed on the basis of bioelectromagnetic theory. It is based on Faraday's principle of electromagnetic induction, which generates a magnetic field on the coil through a strong current, and then the magnetic field penetrates the skull into the cerebral cortex without trauma, and causes local small induced currents in the corresponding cortex, changing the membrane potential of the cerebral cortex to promote the production of the cerebral cortex. Related physiological effects, such as stimulating the release of neurotransmitters (such as serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine), normalize the function of the neurotransmitter and thus play a therapeutic role.
3. What kind of diseases can be treated by transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is mainly used for the treatment of refractory brain function diseases, including psychiatry, neurology, and rehabilitation. At present, the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression has been widely recognized by the medical community and has passed FDA certification. At the same time, there are tens of thousands of TMS project articles published each year, covering the treatment of depression, auditory hallucinations, neurological tinnitus, anxiety, sleep disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other indications in the spiritual field; nerve damage in the neurological field. Post-rehabilitation, Parkinson's disease, treatment of epilepsy, etc.; in the field of rehabilitation, it covers various types of mental, functional recovery after nerve injury, and changes in quality of life after rehabilitation.
4. Is transcranial magnetic stimulation really effective?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation has a history of 30 years, and numerous scientific and clinical trials have proven its effectiveness. In 2008, the US FDA approved transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat refractory depression, and it has been widely recognized by neurologists, psychiatrists, and rehabilitation physicians worldwide. It is currently the only non-systemic non-invasive treatment for depression in the United States, especially for adult patients who have used antidepressants and are not effective. These patients have tried four antidepressants on average and have completed at least one complete medication. In clinical trials, one in every two of these patients achieved a significant improvement in symptoms, with one in every three patients disappearing on average.
5. What are the advantages of transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe physical therapy with a clear therapeutic effect. Compared with drug treatment, it has quick onset, small side effects and is not easy to be addicted. Because it is a non-systemic therapy, it does not have the common side effects of useful drugs, such as weight gain, sexual dysfunction, nausea, lethargy, dry mouth and so on. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an outpatient treatment with low long-term costs. During the treatment, the patient does not need anesthesia and sedation, and can remain completely awake. Compared with physical therapy, especially electroconvulsive therapy, it is safe, painless, and does not affect cognitive function.
6. Is there any contraindication to transcranial magnetic stimulation?
l Have a history of seizures or a family history of strong positive epilepsy:
l Patients with severe physical illness;
l serious alcohol abusers;
l Those with a history of craniocerebral surgery, who have metal implants in their brains;
l implanted with a pacemaker;
7. Is transcranial magnetic stimulation safe?
The main side effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation are transient head discomfort: dizziness, headache, etc. There are very few cases of epilepsy. According to statistics, in the 30 years of transcranial magnetic stimulation, epileptic seizures have been reported in 30 cases, far less than the probability of epileptic seizures caused by antidepressants. No reports of long-term adverse effects have been reported.
The most common discomfort during treatment is local scalp discomfort. This situation is mostly mild and temporary. It usually fades after a week. In clinical trials, less than 5% of patients discontinued treatment due to side effects.
When receiving treatment, the head can have a feeling of being struck and the fingers will vibrate. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the application of a pulsed magnetic field to the cortex of the brain through the skull. These phenomena indicate that the pulsed magnetic field stimulates the cortex of the brain and causes a corresponding reaction, which is a normal phenomenon.
8. Does transcranial magnetic stimulation require long-term treatment?
In general, transcranial magnetic stimulation is treated once a day, 5 days a week, and 2-3 weeks as a course of treatment. According to clinical studies and literature reports, transcranial magnetic stimulation can last up to 6 months, such as with low-dose drugs, the effect is more durable.
In clinical trials in the United States, patients receive treatment every five to six weeks. Usually a course of treatment for at least 4 weeks. Less than 10% of patients relapse within six months, and about half of them need to be treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
9. What is the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation versus the efficacy of antidepressants?
It is still difficult to directly compare transcranial magnetic stimulation with antidepressant drugs because of the different patient populations participating in clinical trials. In FDA-approved clinical trials, patients have been ineffective multiple times after treatment with antidepressants, and almost all antidepressants have been approved as first-line therapy. In clinically controlled trials, the number of patients with significantly improved symptoms after transcranial magnetic stimulation was three times that of the placebo group.
It should be stated that depression itself is a fatal disease, and doctors and patients should pay attention to signs of worsening symptoms, regardless of treatment.
10. Can transcranial magnetic stimulation replace antidepressant drugs?
No. The current treatment needs for depression are very large. It is difficult to treat patients with antidepressants that are ineffective or have poor results, often with more medications or with invasive therapies. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an emerging therapy, but we don't think it will replace drug therapy. It is currently approved by the FDA for use in patients with antidepressants that are ineffective or have poor efficacy. Given its safety advantages, transcranial magnetic stimulation can also be used in earlier disease stages compared to certain safe and tolerated drug classes.
11. Can I take medication during transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation does not conflict with taking drugs. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with drug therapy also has the advantages of rapid onset, small dosage, and few side effects.
In FDA-certified clinical comparison trials, transcranial magnetic stimulation was evaluated as a monotherapy. However, many clinical studies contained in the literature show that transcranial magnetic stimulation can be safely used with drugs. In the maintenance treatment evaluation experiment, the patients also used the transcranial magnetic stimulation at the same time as the antidepressant.
12. What physical examinations must be done before transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Patients need to follow the doctor's advice for a diagnosis of the condition. For example, patients with depression will need some tests to rule out physical health factors. No matter what treatment is used to diagnose the disease, it is essential. However, since transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-systematic non-invasive diagnosis and treatment technique with few side effects, special examinations related to the treatment itself are not required. In general, patients who have undergone transcranial magnetic stimulation need to inform the doctor in advance whether they have a history of epilepsy, whether they have intracranial hypertension, whether they have had craniotomy, whether there are metal foreign bodies in the brain, and whether they have a pacemaker. No need to check too much. This is different from medical treatment. Because the drug enters the blood circulation, it may affect the whole body organs, so some functional tests, such as blood tests, are needed before and during treatment.
13. Is the cost of transcranial magnetic stimulation expensive?
At present, the cost of transcranial magnetic stimulation word therapy is about 100 yuan, and the cost of a course of treatment is between 1500-2000 yuan, and Beijing, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other places have been included in the scope of medical insurance reimbursement.
14. Can transcranial magnetic stimulation be used at home?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an emerging diagnosis and treatment technology. It is essentially different from traditional magnetic therapy products. It needs to be operated by a professionally trained doctor or technician. At present, only regular hospitals have the corresponding conditions. The so-called home or ultra low frequency on the market is not a true transcranial magnetic stimulation product.
15. Where is the treatment of transcranial magnetic stimulation?
At present, most general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, and rehabilitation specialist hospitals in the country have been equipped with transcranial magnetic stimulation equipment. Please consult with local medical institutions.
16. Will there be radiation through transcranial magnetic stimulation?
The pulsed magnetic field emitted by transcranial magnetic stimulation is different from the radiation emitted by X-ray machine and CT machine, and there is no radiation.
17. Is the pulsed magnetic field emitted by transcranial magnetic stimulation harmful to the body?
At present, transcranial magnetic stimulation has adopted advanced techniques such as magnetic field focusing and stabilization. The pulsed magnetic field cannot be detected beyond the 5cm of the transcranial magnetic stimulation coil, and it will not cause damage to the body. However, for the sake of safety, patients with implanted metal and pacemakers in the body should not be treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
18. Does the magnetic field of transcranial magnetic stimulation cause damage to the body for a long time?
The safety range of the NMR constant magnetic field is below 3 Tesla, and the peak value of the pulsed magnetic field emitted by the transcranial magnetic stimulation is about 1 Tesla, which is much lower than the magnetic field strength of the nuclear magnetic work. Transcranial magnetic stimulation also does not cause brain tumors. Every year, millions of people around the world undergo MRI, and there is no brain tumor caused by it.
19. Is transcranial magnetic stimulation similar to other magnetic therapy products, such as magnetic bracelets?
no. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has the following essential differences from other magnetic therapy products on the market:
a The magnetic field of general magnetic therapy products is very weak, and the magnetic field used for transcranial magnetic stimulation is very strong, which is equivalent to the intensity of nuclear magnetic resonance.
b The magnetic field of general magnetic therapy products does not change with time and space, and the magnetic field of transcranial magnetic stimulation is pulsed. This fast pulsed magnetic field is the basis for its stimulation of brain nerve cells.
c There is no scientific evidence to support the efficacy of general magnetic therapy products, and the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation on depression is demonstrated by rigorous clinical trials.
d Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy has been approved by the FDA, while general magnetic therapy products do not.
PCR ( Polymerase Chain Reaction)
It provides a way to make more copies of a portion of DNA.
We need to have PCR ingredients that include DNA portion, Buffer solution, Primer+DNA (tap polymerase), and Nucleotides during the preparation step.
In the step of PCR sequence, there are three steps in this section.
Step 1 Denaturation
The addition of heat is needed to separate the two strands of the DNA molecule.
Step 2 Annealing
Temperature, is going to be cool in this step, should allow the primers to bind to the specific segments.
Step 3 DNA Synthesis
To make more copies of the DNA.
Those three steps above keep repeating to make enough copies of the DNA fragments. It is the principle of how PCR machine works.
Superyears General 2215 RT-qPCRadopts all-in-one with an industrial art design, combining the Analytical Instrument, Large touch screen, and Computer. General 2215 RT-qPCR is equipped with the proven thermal-cooled electric technology, which can recognize the speed rate of temperature control faster and obtain high-quality testing results within 40 minutes. To ensure the sensitivity and stability of the testing a design with traditional beam path with a susceptible CMOS image sensor is used. In addition, General 2215 supports multiple PCR analysis and High-resolution Melt Curve (HRM) analysis, compatible with the mainstream reagent kit in the market. It will be the best assistant and your preferred RT-qPCR.
Rt-Qpcr Instrument,Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative Pcr Instrument,Real Time Fluorescence Quantitative Pcr System,Fluorescent Quantitative Thermal Cycler Pcr
Nanjing Superyears Gene Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.superyearsglobal.com