Release date: 2015-05-26
Two British physicists used a simple method to separate a single layer of graphite, graphene, from graphite, and thus won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. Graphene is a hexagonal lattice material composed of two-dimensional single-layer carbon atoms. It is the world's thinnest and best conductive and heat-conducting material. It is the highest strength known to humans and has high light transmission and flexibility. . Because of these excellent properties, it has earned the reputation of “the perfect materialâ€, and many people believe that the 21st century will become the “graphene eraâ€.
Graphene is a highly research-oriented multi-purpose substance that may revolutionize all aspects of our lives: for example, to produce waterproof membranes to solve global water shortages; to replace silicon in current electronic products, to be smaller Volume provides greater performance; develop next-generation energy solutions such as solar cells or cell phone batteries that can be filled in minutes. In addition, graphene can also be used in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery, cancer treatment, and biosensing. Researchers are currently conducting research. Graphene has many unique properties, such as greater surface area, biocompatibility and chemical stability, which makes graphene have great research potential and is highly anticipated.
Artificial implants are a major melody in the current medical market, and graphene may play an extremely important role in these devices in the future. The biocompatibility and mechanical strength of graphene can be used to make a variety of composite biomaterials; its conductivity can be used for organs that require this property, such as nerve tissue and spinal cord elements. For example, researchers at the Michigan Institute of Technology have made progress in introducing graphene into 3D printed neural tissue. The team developed a polymer material to grow tissue using graphene as an electrical conductor.
Biosensing is a rapidly evolving new technology that has potential for many medical applications, and graphene has unique advantages in detecting food toxins, environmental pollution, specific bacteria and bacteria. For example, attaching graphene oxide to a protein-like structure of a specific toxin produces an enhanced signal for highly sensitive sensors to detect toxins, which is 10 times more detectable than conventional sensors. In addition, in the use of sensors to predict heart attacks, graphene oxide can also detect specific microparticles in the blood that are released before a heart attack. Currently, graphene-based sensors are under development and are primarily used to detect a variety of diseases, toxins, and biomarkers.
Graphene also has great potential to detect and treat cancer. In terms of detection, Chinese scientists have developed single-cell sensors based on graphene field effect transistors, which can even detect single cancer cells. Researchers at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom have found that graphene oxide can be used as an anticancer agent against specific cancer cells. Combined with current therapies, it may shrink the tumor, curb the rate of cancer development, and relapse after treatment.
Graphene has also been extensively studied for the delivery of cancer drugs, primarily due to its large surface area allowing a large amount of drug to be delivered to specific areas of the body. In addition to being used for cancer detection and drug delivery, graphene itself has also been studied as an anticancer agent. For example, using its heat transfer characteristics to convert non-ionized radio waves into heat, killing proteins and DNA in cancer cells.
The importance of current DNA sequencing is becoming increasingly prominent. It not only provides a deeper understanding of human makeup, but also further understands hereditary diseases, cancer types and the human immune system. Graphene-based DNA sequencing usually requires the creation of a graphene film that is immersed in a conductive fluid and energized at one end to pass the DNA molecules through the pores of the graphene, allowing the scientist to read the DNA sequence. The technology is called "nanopore DNA sequencing" and is characterized by fast reads and low sequencing costs.
Nanomedicine is still in the early stage of development, and the application of graphene in the medical market is also at an early stage of development. But it has the potential to enter many medical fields and bring revolutionary changes. What we need to do now is to encourage more research and development projects to ensure more effective and lasting prevention and treatment in the future.
Source: Singularity Network
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