Tuberculosis is a chronic disease that consumes a lot and patients are generally malnourished. Therefore, the patient supplements the patient with sufficient thermal energy and nutrients to meet the needs of repair of the tuberculosis lesions, thereby enhancing the patient's body resistance.
First, tuberculosis is prone to malnutrition
Tuberculosis was formerly known as “rickets.†There may be no symptoms in the early stages, and some patients have mild symptoms, such as coughing, fatigue, etc., which are easily mistaken for a cold and are neglected. But in the middle and late stages of tuberculosis symptoms are obvious, often tired, fatigue, afternoon fever, loss of appetite, cough, shortness of breath, coughing, hemoptysis, chest pain, chest tightness, night sweats, women may have irregular menstruation, or even amenorrhea, children can There are personality changes, irritability, irritability, body weight loss and so on.
Tuberculosis patients suffer from loss of nutrient intake due to loss of appetite. At the same time, tubercle bacilli use human proteins for their own metabolism, resulting in repeated changes in body heat, night sweats and other consumptive changes, resulting in increased body catabolism, reduced adipose tissue, loss of protein tissue, and therefore tuberculosis It is an infectious disease associated with malnutrition. Most people with tuberculosis also have malnutrition.
Second, tuberculosis patients nutritional supplement method
1, high heat energy
Tuberculosis is a chronic wasting disease. Heat energy needs to exceed normal people. Generally, it requires a daily supply of 30 kcal per kilogram of body weight, and the total calorie content is about 2000 kcal per day. Lightweight laborers are 40 kcal per kilogram of body weight, about 2400 kcal per day. Patients should be encouraged to eat as much sugar as possible, both for heat and protein.
2, a sufficient amount of calcium
The "calcification" of tuberculosis in the process of healing requires a lot of calcium, so you should usually eat more calcium foods. In all kinds of foods, milk and various dairy products have the highest calcium content and their calcium ions are easily absorbed, which is the best choice for calcium supplementation. Regardless of whether men, women or children drink milk regularly or regularly, eating dairy products is an important dietary method to ensure the body's calcium intake.
3, high protein
Tuberculosis consumes a lot of protein, and the protein is an important nutrient of the repair tissue, which is beneficial to the healing of the lesion and rehabilitation of the body. The daily protein intake of tuberculosis patients should be 1.2 to 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight, and the total daily intake is 80 to 100 grams, of which high-quality proteins such as meat, aquatic products, eggs, milk and soy products should account for total protein More than 50% of intake.
4, high vitamin
Should focus on vitamin A, B, C, D supplements. Vitamin A can enhance the body's immunity; Vitamin D can promote calcium absorption; Vitamin C is conducive to healing of lesions and hemoglobin synthesis; B vitamins can speed up the various metabolic processes in the body and have the effect of improving appetite. Fresh vegetables and fruits are the main source of vitamins. Milk, eggs, viscera and other rich in vitamin A; yeast, peanuts, beans, lean meat and other vitamin B6. Sunbathing or outdoor activities are a good way to increase vitamin D. Therefore, there must be a sufficient amount of essential micronutrients provided by various vegetables, fruits, and bacteria and algae in the daily diet to improve the body's immune function.
5, high dietary fiber and water
Adequate dietary fiber and water are necessary measures to maintain acid-base balance, smooth stools, and prevent the absorption of toxins. Fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are rich in dietary fiber.
6, less fat
Although fat can supply more energy, excessive fat can increase the burden on the digestive system, especially the burden on the liver, thus affecting appetite. People with digestive dysfunction should limit fat intake. The daily fat supply amount must not exceed 1 gram per kilogram body weight per day, and vegetable oil is preferred.
7, optional food
Pork lean meat, egg, fresh milk, freshwater fish, soft-shelled turtle, calla lily, lotus root, lily, yam, apple, Sydney, etc., adjust the recipe according to the patient's dietary habits and tastes, pay attention to the diversification of food and the color, smell and taste of the food. Shape, limit the consumption of lamb, dog meat, rooster meat, squid, sea fish, scale fish, salted fish, pickles, cinnamon, pepper, spinach, tobacco, fried foods.
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