With the rapid development of the pig industry in Zhenping County, Shaanxi, the pig breeds have also become increasingly fine-grained, especially the basic sows, which are basically the outer sows, which are related to the breeding physiology of the indigenous (local breed) pigs. There are major differences in characteristics. The main manifestation is that the puberty period is postponed, and the estrus characteristics are minor and it is difficult to determine the appropriate breeding time. On the production, it is difficult for the breeding to be affected by the problem of low fetal birth rate or conception rate, and the number of births is small. This affects the economic benefits of pig raising and promotes the enthusiasm of artificial insemination of pigs. It has become one of the limiting factors in the development of the pig industry. In order to solve this problem, we conducted a lot of research work, analyzed the reasons, summarized the experience, and conducted many experiments, summed up a set of simple and practical methods that can significantly improve the conception rate of the dual sow.
1 Guaranteed semen quality
1.1 Grasp the feeding and management of breeding boars
The boars must be fed special feed for boars and fed twice a day, feeding 2.5-3 kg per head per day, 1 egg, and 2-3 kg of green feed per day. The temperature of the boar can not exceed 28oC (above 28oC adverse effects on the sperm), keeping the pens and the pigs clean, and the boars are driven out of the pens for 30 minutes every morning.
1.2 Strict semen quality
After semen collection, first look at the amount of semen, color and odor (normal ejaculatory ejaculation is generally 150-300mL, the color is milky white or light gray, slightly smelling), if the sense of normal, should immediately carry out microscopic examination , Fresh spermatozoa active above 0.7 can be diluted or discarded. Semen should be diluted as soon as possible after collection, and the original sperm will not be stored for more than 30 minutes. Diluted with semen-specific diluent. When diluting, dilute the temperature of the diluent to the temperature of the semen. Slowly pour the diluent into the semen along the cup (bottle) of the semen, gently shake it, mix it, and then dispense. .
1.3 Semen preservation
The ambient temperature for storing semen must be controlled between 11-17oC. The temperature difference between day and night should not exceed 2oC. It is best to use a 17oC constant temperature freezer. The diluted semen was stored at room temperature (22-25oC) for 1 h and then wrapped in several layers of towels and stored directly in a 17oC thermostat. Semen should be shaken every 12 hours during semen preservation in order to prevent sperm death caused by precipitation. Shelf life is generally not more than 3d.
1.4 Semen storage during insemination
Cold winter or hot summer semen can not be exposed to the outside for too long (because heat stress or cold stress will affect the quality of sperm), in the winter insemination should be placed in the palm of your hand semen 2-3min to prevent semen The temperature is too low to cause semen backflow. Semen transport should be stored in a foam box, cool water in the summer and warm in the winter.
2 overcoming the sow's own reasons
2.1 Selection of sows
In order to overcome the traditional seed selection methods adopted by the maternity sow, the selected binary sow sow body size must meet the reproductive production requirements. The body is large, the back is straight, the back is wide and developed, and the limbs are strong and slightly longer. The vulva is normal in development. Larger pus, more than 7 pairs of effective nipples; parents of binary sow used for breeding should have excellent reproductive performance. Landrace or Yorkshire should be used as the first male parent for crossbreeding to grow up to grow and grow. In pigs, Duroc generally acts as a terminal father.
2.2 Suitable age breeding
The sow's sow body is mature and sexually mature later, generally reaches sexual maturity at 6-8 months of age. At this time, do not rush to breed. Wait until the body weight reaches 120kg or more. After 3 emotion periods, it is the fourth estrus period. .
2.3 Grasping the rearing and management of sows
Sows must be fed special sow feed (separated empty sow feed, pregnant sow feed and sow feed), and the feeds will be different depending on the stage. The sows are moderately scented and must not be too fat or too thin, and they must be supplemented with certain green feed to ensure the normal supply of vitamins.
2.4 Timely elimination of unsuitable sows
The types of elimination include: estrus symptoms are not obvious, estrus cycle is irregular; long-term infertility and treatment is not significantly improved; temperament is fierce, poor motherhood; poor lactating performance, nipple defects; suffering from infectious diseases. Because the above types of sows not only have low conception rates but also have low productivity, they have no practical value.
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