About "Super Rice Is Not Genetically Modified"

Unprepared - "To be honest, the news of the 900-kilometre attack didn't want to be reported so quickly."

Yuan Longping’s secretary Xin Yeejun admitted to the reporter that it was “the degree of concern exceeds our imagination”: there is still 3 days from the acceptance of the Ministry of Agriculture. There are media broadcasts sprinting 900 kilograms, followed by reporters from all over the country. Xinye is under tremendous pressure. What she fears is that if it fails, what should I do?

Unhurriedly, Yuan Long looked straight and gave an account to Xin Yee. "Xin Xin, let me convince you first. I'll give you three kinds of algorithms, each of which can weigh over 900 kilograms." On the other hand, the three algorithms have been calculated, and Xinye is relieved.

Some people were worried that it was proposed to rename the “900 kg inspection and acceptance” as a “high-yield inspection and acceptance” to avoid highlighting this “hard index.” Yuan Longping was overwhelmed: “I just want to engage in 900 kg inspection and acceptance!” In the end, the Ministry of Agriculture passed a strict test and acceptance test. After the procedures, a total of 107.9 mu of “Y Liangyou 2” with an average yield of 926.6 kg was obtained in 18 experimental plots. Yuan Longping realized the prehistoric peak of world hybrid rice with a large area of ​​900 kilograms per day before the arrival of World Food Day yesterday.

However, the question has not been eliminated: about genetic modification, about "open letter", about chemical fertilizers, about pesticides...especially after this 900-kilometre news.

Whether there is an opportunity, the reporter directly asked in full, Yuan Lao directly answer? Waiting for three days, two hours before the plane, the reporter finally faced Yuan Long, who had just returned the night before.

Question: Is Super Rice a genetically modified one?

News view point: Hello, Yuan Lao. When it comes to Super Rice, we have recently been more concerned with this GM issue...

Yuan Longping (laughs and cuts off): Haha, it's genetically modified!

News Perspective: Oh, I've concluded that you mentioned something before. It seems that there are two main points. First, the 900-kilogram this species is definitely not a so-called “genetically modified species” (Yuan Longping listens and says “Yes, yes”). The second is that GM should also be carefully studied and cannot be one-sided. Does it mean this?

Yuan Longping: Well, well... We said that the best way to eradicate pests and diseases is to cultivate varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases and to use less pesticides. The most effective method is to use genetically modified seeds (laughs). In 2007, I looked at a genetically modified strain that was resistant to pests and diseases and it worked well. But people have a mental ah - genes that are resistant to pests and diseases. Does it matter if people eat it? In addition, for example, there is a Bt gene with a good insecticidal effect. The translation is called "poison protein gene." My sister-in-law, "poison protein," ah, people have heard how this "poison protein" is eaten. . Saying that using mice to do experiments hasn't found any problems, but people are people, and mice are mice. Therefore, there are doubts as to whether “transgenic crops that are resistant to pests and diseases cannot be eaten”. This is completely understandable.

News Viewpoint: Can GM rice with insect resistance and disease resistance be eaten in the end?

Yuan Longping: From the past experiment alone, there is no problem. But does not want people to experiment? I am willing to devote myself to science. I come to eat the insect-resistant genetically modified rice to prove that there is no problem. I also call on young people to eat. The use of biotechnology to develop crop breeding is the development direction of agricultural science and technology. The research and application of transgenic technology must be strengthened. Transgene can not be generalized either. Some of the transgenes are to increase production. For example, rice belongs to carbon 3 plants, corn belongs to carbon 4 plants, and carbon 4 plants have 30% to 35% higher photosynthetic efficiency than carbon 3 plants. Therefore, we are investigating converting the carbon 4 gene of maize, a high-efficiency plant, to Carbon 3 plants on rice. This is also a transgene. What's wrong with this? Corn is also edible. So it cannot be generalized. (Deng Qiyun, student and breeding expert of Yuan Longping added: To cultivate transgenic varieties resistant to pests and diseases, genetically manipulated laboratories will integrate artificially isolated and modified genes, such as the Bt gene, into the genome of crop plants; Rice varieties, which are all improved by natural hybridization, are completely different concepts.)

Second question: What exactly do you think about fertilizers for super rice?

News view point: This time the 900 kilograms of successful attack, fertilizer has played a big role?

Yuan Longping: Last year did not use super fat, is more than 870 kilograms. This year we used super fat and raised it forty-five kilograms. The super fertilizer has nanotechnology inside, and the fertilizer utilization rate is higher. In general, if the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is only 30% and the super fertilizer is up to 50%, the key is here.

News Perspective: Some people questioned how hybrid rice uses a lot of pesticides, fertilizers, and destroys soil. How do you weigh green food?

Yuan Longping: It is said that organic foods should not be fertilized. This should be one-sided. It should be combined organically with chemical fertilizers. Fertilizer is a major breakthrough in the 19th century. No nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, just rely on farmyard fertilizers, production is not going. As for pesticides, rice is the most common type of plant. At present, there is no other alternative but to fight drugs. Oh, that worm is awesome. In three days, the rice will just dry. The first two years, ah, you fly down in that building in Shanghai. There are a few tons of it. The breeding is incredibly fast. What do you do? For the time being, there are no varieties resistant to such pests. If there is no drug, there will be no harvest. We can only say that as little as possible drugs are used, and most of them are low-toxic and non-toxic pesticides. Now try to develop some insect-resistant varieties. This may be the most effective way.

Three questions: Is the taste of Super Rice not bad?

News Perspective: Many people say that the output of super rice is high, but its taste is not good. Is this not the case?

Yuan Longping: We are now the "Y Youyou No. 2". The taste is very good! I have rice from the planter Wang Huayong here. (Yuan Longping quickly stood up, ran out of the room, asked the secretary to bring rice.) Xiaochen, you give each person two pounds of rice, go back and cook and try. This is the second-class quality rice in the country. When you go back to eat, you will know that the discharge of water is 1:1 or 1:1.1. This is an ordinary rice-fighting machine that does not throw light, so there is no good-looking rice after finishing. (Reporter sees that this rice is not white grain, high transparency, long strip shape, shape like Thai basmati rice. After returning to Shanghai, the reporter tried to cook and taste, the taste is soft, more ambiguous.)

News view: Shanghai people are used to eating glutinous rice, when can you taste this hybrid rice?

Yuan Longping: The promotion of new varieties can only be promoted through the approval of the Provincial Liaison Association. “Y Liangyou 2” has passed the examination and approval of Hunan provincial level. The next step is to pass the national examination and approval, and then it can be promoted to the whole country. I estimate that this year we will produce the seed “Y Liang You 2” and that the planting area can reach 500,000 mu next year.

Question 4: Is there any end to the output of super rice?

News Viewpoint: Can Your Reality Realize? Why does the target of attack seem endless?

Yuan Longping: Rice production has great potential. According to the light energy, if the Changsha Meteorological Record is used, the yield of a single season rice can be 1,500 kilograms. (Deng Qiyun added: Rice is divided into several types, japonica rice, japonica rice, and Xenopus japonica. Previous crosses were mainly hybrids between japonica rice, indica and japonica hybrids, japonica rice and indica hybrids. Now we use subspecies hybrids, such as subspecies and cockroaches. Subspecies hybrids are relatively far apart in classification, so they have strong hybrid advantages. At present, they are only the primary stage of subspecies cross-breeding, and they can reach 800 kg and 900 kg, and the output after that is naturally more inestimable.)

News Perspective: Successfully tackle 900 kilograms, what is the most important?

Yuan Longping: There are three main reasons for the high-yielding of super rice: good varieties, good methods, and fertile fields. Sanliang must be supported. Good law is a means, and fertile land is the foundation. Just like we built a house, the foundation is better. This time, the breed is the core, and the Ministry of Agriculture recognizes it as a thoroughbred, because our third phase of the hybrid rice research and development is based on species.

News Perspective: Are other seeds likely to reach 900 kg?

Yuan Longping: If it is matched with Liangfa and Liangtian, it can also increase productivity. For example, in Yunnan, the general species can engage in more than 1,000 kilograms there, because of special conditions: low latitude, high altitude, large temperature difference between day and night, rice exchange and exchange less, easy to grout, full of grain, 1000 in our plains Usually 25 grams, 26 grams, where they can reach 28 grams, 29 grams, 1000 capsules can weigh 3 grams, tens of millions will be able to weigh a lot! The second one is a particularly long growth period. In Hunan, it is one hundred and forty days, where the production period is 167 days. If the growth period is long, more dry matter will accumulate. There are fewer pests and diseases on the other side.

News view point: But generally there is no such condition. If the national promotion, the output can be how much?

Yuan Longping: Compared with the demonstration field, large-scale promotion is probably a 20% discount or a 75% discount.

News Perspective: How is the promotion in the world?

Yuan Longping: Last year, the number of our hybrid rice cultivation in the world has reached more than 5,000 million mu. This year, it can reach more than 60 million mu (currently about 24.6 billion mu of cultivated land in the world), mainly in India, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Bangladesh. And the United States. Last year, the United States had 6 million mu of hybrid rice, which accounted for one-third of its 18 million mu of arable land. Last year it gave us a share of 3.5 million U.S. dollars, which is about 4 million U.S. dollars this year. Unfortunately, U.S. dollar devalued (laughs), and it is still about the same.

Five questions: How does the balance between farmers' income and agricultural product prices rise?

News Perspective: Do you also have a pilot field base in Shanghai?

Yuan Longping: We have modeled super rice in Songjiang District, and the output is still quite awkward, with an average of 710 kilograms. Speaking of Shanghai, my "Three Kinds of Four" project was inspired by Shanghai. In 2007, when I went to Shanghai to eat with the mayor of Songjiang District, I asked him, what is the average output of your paddy field. He said that about 550 kilograms is good. I just thought, just for my super rice, 710 kilograms. If it is a three-acre field multiplied by three, it would be about the same as 550 kilograms of a four-acre field multiplied by four.

News Perspective: What is the significance of this "three-produce four" project?

Yuan Longping: The three acres of land super rice, to reach the average rice four acres of land production, so that one mu of land can be saved for farmers to grow cash crops, improve economic efficiency, and further solve China's food security issues, save land resources. In many low-yield areas across the country, super-rice "three-produce four" has been achieved; in the high-yield areas, we carry out the "high-yield three-for-one", and even "two-for-one to feed a person" high-yield food projects.

News Perspective: You often propose to improve farmers' income, but rising prices of agricultural products are also a major cause of CPI growth. How can this contradiction be balanced?

Yuan Longping: Food is the basis of 100 prices. When grain goes up, everything else goes up. However, the price of grain does not increase, and the benefits of grain production by farmers are not high. I have such a suggestion: Now that Huinan subsidy is used as a unit, it also supplements the crop, and the shortage also makes up for it. The output is the same. I propose to use the output as a benchmark for the government to purchase at a higher price and then supply the market at a flat price. It can not only control the price of grain but also increase the enthusiasm of farmers. Some people say that farmers will speculatively sell food to the country and buy food for themselves. I think he will only buy rice and will not buy rice. The rice supply in the market is not rice. He can't speculate. Now the minimum protection price is still a 1 pound of rice, 1000 pounds only a thousand dollars, he invested a lot of fertilizer, improved species, no money to earn (sigh). The country has continuously raised the minimum food protection price in recent years. This is a good thing. Now the country has this strength to make up for it. If the peasants do not grow grain, the country will be in trouble without food. Help me call it!

He had heard about this "fun old man" evaluation before the interview, but he couldn't help but be shocked by the vivacious old man when he saw it with his own eyes. It was really hard to associate with the 81-year-old. together. Good hearing, quick thinking, no anger in the face of doubt, not bored. There are occasional pauses, eyes staring into the air, and the mind is running at a fast pace, trying to give the answer with the most accurate number.

But the deeper feeling in the reporter’s heart was that the goal of 700 kilograms took 4 years, 800 kilograms took 4 years, and 900 kilograms took 7 years; now, he also proposed the next goal: 1000 kilograms!

Why does this eighty-year-old man seem to have endless energy and never stop?

Yuan Longping's research, why is it always successful?