First, the cause of deterioration
1. The lack of trace elements and the decline of soil fertility. Due to the large amount of chemical fertilizer application, the variety of vegetables in the shed is relatively simple, mostly melon, fruit and fast-growing leafy vegetables, which have fast growth, high yield, high nutrient absorption intensity and large quantity. After many years of continuous cropping, crops continuously absorb trace elements such as zinc, iron, molybdenum and boron from the soil, and do not apply various fertilizers in a timely manner. Gradually, the soil nutrient content is reduced, the forms and proportions of various nutrients are imbalanced, and nutrient activity is reduced. The lack of trace elements leads to crop malnutrition, weak growth, easy onset, low yield and poor quality.
2. The soil becomes a knot and the living soil becomes shallow. Years of continuous cropping and multi-level interplanting, the water and fertilizer input per unit area is extremely high, the supply of organic fertilizer is insufficient, and a large amount of chemical fertilizer such as urea and diammonium is applied. The organic matter content in the soil is insufficient, the aggregate structure is destroyed, and the soil is squashed; The vegetable mouthwash is compact, and the artificial soil is used to turn the ground, which causes the soil layer to become shallower, hindering the root system, and the water and nutrients in the deep soil cannot be absorbed and utilized.
3. Soil salinization is aggravated. The temperature in the shed is high, the water evaporation is large, the salt rises from the soil capillary with water, and the water is salty; the soil is less washed by rainfall, more irrigation, less drainage, so that the soil is in the process of salt accumulation for a long time; It also increases the concentration of salt ions in the soil, causing the soil salinization to increase, hindering the normal growth of vegetable roots.
4. Pests and diseases are increasing year by year. Due to continuous cropping and heavy cropping in the greenhouse for many years, the crops suitable for rotation are few; the environment is closed, warm and humid, which is conducive to the propagation of pests and diseases and overwintering, resulting in increased accumulation of pathogens and insects in the soil. In order to cure diseases and eliminate pests, vegetable farmers frequently use pesticides and improper methods, resulting in increased resistance of pests and diseases, becoming more and more difficult to treat, and the pests and diseases are increasing year by year.
Second, governance measures
1. Add organic fertilizer and dig the land regularly. The application of organic fertilizer can improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability and water retention, fertilizer retention, heat storage capacity, make the soil loose and fertile, and alleviate soil salinization. Every year, when planting vegetables, use the interval to deepen the soil, apply the decomposed piles, manure, and thicken the mature soil layer to enhance the soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, destroy the soil pest and disease storage environment, and conditionally change the soil.
2, appropriate leisure. After years of planting in the greenhouse, you can grasp the season and relax. Reasonable use of leisure time, such as high temperature stagnation sterilization, irrigation and salt washing, and arable sun drying in summer leisure.
3, the rotation for change. Don't repeat a kind of vegetables in a piece of land. You have to make a rotation and plant another kind of vegetables. For example, melons and onions and garlics can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduce the toxic effects of toxic elements in the soil, and alleviate the deficiency of trace elements in the soil.
4. Rational application of micro-fertilizer. The micro-fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer or as a top dressing. According to the fertilizer characteristics of crops and the lack of trace elements in the soil, the use of micro-fertilizers is used to supplement the deficiency of trace elements in the soil.
5. Reasonable irrigation. Drip irrigation, seepage irrigation and other techniques or trenching and dark irrigation are widely used, and flooding of large water is prohibited to reduce the indoor air humidity in the greenhouse. Watering according to weather, soil water supply capacity and vegetable water requirement. The watering time is generally selected on a sunny morning, avoiding the high temperature of the soil, and the greenhouse is heated after the irrigation, and then the ventilation is dehumidified. Strengthen the construction of drainage facilities.
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