In recent years, based on the strategic requirements of “quality substitution quantityâ€, the development of new fertilizers has received extensive attention, and the controlled release fertilizer is the representative.
Slow-release fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer that can improve fertilizer utilization. It gradually releases nutrients slowly through various regulation mechanisms, prolonging the effective period of crops for their effective nutrient absorption and utilization.
Slow-release fertilizers are mainly divided into four categories: resin coated controlled release fertilizer, urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer, sulfur coated urea, and stable fertilizer.
The resin coated controlled release fertilizer uses a polymer resin to form a dense film outside the fertilizer to control the release of the fertilizer. In the application of crops such as corn, one-time application of the base fertilizer can be achieved, and the number of top dressings is greatly reduced. However, the fragility, unevenness, refractory and high price of the outer envelope are limitations of current applications.
Urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer, which is formed by condensation of urea and formaldehyde, can be made into urea-formaldehyde fertilizer with different release periods according to different ratios. The sustained release nitrogen provided can be slowly decomposed by water within 12 to 16 weeks, which is safe and reliable. It is widely used in overseas planting gardens because of its controllability, high efficiency, environmental protection and economy. However, the residual formaldehyde and the insufficient supply of nitrogen in the early stage after application may affect crop growth as a bottleneck for its development.
Stabilized fertilizers, by adding urease inhibitors or nitrification inhibitors, can slow down the hydrolysis of urea and the nitrification-denitrification of ammonium nitrogen, thereby achieving slow release of fertilizer nitrogen and reducing losses. It has the advantages of low cost and high utilization rate of fertilizer. At present, the product promotion area involves 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The agricultural promotion area totals 91.53 million mu, and there are more than 60 fertilizer varieties and 27 crops. The development prospects are broad.
Sulfur-coated urea, which combines the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer, is prepared by encapsulating sulfur outside the urea to polymerize the microcrystalline wax sealant. Its production, efficiency, ecological and environmental protection effects are remarkable, and it can save fertilizer, save labor, protect the ecological environment, improve the quality of crops, and solve the problem of sulfur deficiency in cultivated land and crops.
Slow and controlled release fertilizer has experienced many years of continuous improvement of technology and strengthening the development stage, which has become an important pole in the new fertilizer industry. Slow-release fertilizer products also gain a foothold in the market because of their advantages in saving fertilizer costs, slowly releasing nutrients, and improving fertilizer utilization.
In order to realize the long-term development of slow-release fertilizer, in addition to achieving breakthroughs in technology and cost, it is more important to establish a healthy and orderly slow-release fertilizer market environment.
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