Stem mustard is also known as green cabbage, cabbage, croissant, bamboo shoots, sticks, tuberous mustard, mustard, etc. It is a biennial cruciferous vegetable. Pickled mustard is a product of mustard for stems. It was originally called mustard because of the use of wood squeezing to extract excess water during processing.
1. Sowing seedlings
â‘ Seedbed selection. Choose soils that are deep, loose, rich in organic matter, sunny, and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Avoid planting cruciferous vegetable plots such as cabbage, lotus white, and serrata.
â‘¡Site preparation and fertilization. The seedbed land should be sandy loam with high dryness and fertile soil, and it should be as far away as possible from the source plants of virus diseases such as radish and Chinese cabbage. Deeply plow and mature the soil, apply enough base fertilizer, apply about 2000 kg of human excrement per mu of seedbed as base fertilizer, after finely making the border, pour the bottom water, and spread a thin layer of sieved dry fine soil on the surface before sowing.
â‘¢ Sowing in time. Dry the seeds for half a day before sowing, clean the wells and soak the seeds for 3 hours, remove the floating seeds, drain them, and mix them with sieved fine soil or sand before sowing. The bottom water should be poured evenly before sowing, and the seeds can be sowed only after the water seeps down. Sowing is generally carried out in sunny or cloudy afternoon, after sowing, lightly pat the solid surface to moisturize. Generally, 50-75 grams of seeds are used per mu of field, and 500-750 kg of seeds are sown per mu of seedbed (8-10 mu of field can be transplanted). Cover seeds 0.5-1 cm thick with moist, fine soil. Cover the shading net on the floor after sowing. ****** Adopt the whole process of covering and isolating seedlings, that is, on the basis of covering fine soil or chaff ash after sowing, and then covering with shading nets or other shades, removing the shading nets in time after emergence, and setting up arch sheds. Overlay an insect-proof net to prevent aphids and diseases. In case of drought in the seedling stage, spray with clean water or clean manure water in the early morning. The frequency and interval depend on the drought condition to prevent dry cracks on the soil surface. When the first uniform seedling is in the second true leaf, the seedling distance is 3 cm, remove the miscellaneous seedlings, inferior seedlings, diseased seedlings, and weak seedlings. When the second uniform seedling is in the third true leaf, control the seedling distance to 6 cm. Get rid of weeds. The seedbed ground should be kept moist. If the soil surface is dry, thin manure water or clean water should be applied. Both watering and fertilization should be carried out sooner or later.
2. Plant in time
The planting site should choose loam that has strong water and fertility retention and is convenient for irrigation and drainage, away from virus source plants. Before land preparation, apply 2000-3000 kilograms of composted barnyard manure and turn over 25 cm deep to make a border of 1.5 meters wide and 20 cm high to facilitate drainage. After the bottom water is poured, cover the ground with a mulch to be planted. Seedling age 30-40 days can be transplanted with soil, when transplanting, cut off the long roots with scissors. In case of drought after planting, attention should be paid to watering (irrigation) water to resist drought, and to ensure that live slow seedlings. The row spacing is about 33 cm, and 8000-10000 plants are planted per mu.
3. Field management
Generally, topdressing is done 3 times, the first time is lightly applied; the second time should be more than 2,000 kg of thick manure per mu after the colonization is alive and the first leaf ring is formed; the third time to see the seedlings for supplementary application, it should be in the period of rapid expansion of the fleshy stem get on. The fertilization method can be applied by breaking the membrane between the rows or by cutting the membrane along the border. If there is too much rain in winter, ditch should be drained in time to prevent stains. At the same time, weeds on the side of the ditch should be removed to prevent weeds from competing with vegetables for fertilizer. Do a good job in anti-cold and anti-freeze work, and cultivate soil and cover grass on borders. According to the growth situation, harvest in time during the budding period. When harvesting, harvest on a sunny day, and remove mud, impurities, long heads, and diseased vegetable heads.
4. Integrated pest control technology
In the production of mustard, the more common diseases mainly include virus disease, downy mildew, soft rot, black spot, black rot, etc. The common pests mainly include aphids, cabbage butterfly, plutella xylostella, cabbage borer, cabbage armyworm, Spodoptera litura, yellow striped armor, etc.
â‘ Agricultural control. Avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables, especially avoid planting cruciferous vegetables in the stubble of cabbage crops. Adjust the sowing period so that the 3-5 leaf time of the seedlings is staggered with the pest blooming period. Cultivate strong seedlings and do a good job in field ventilation and irrigation. Proper watering and increasing field humidity can not only inhibit pests, but also promote plant growth. Deep plough and deep harrow before winter to reduce the source of field insects and overwintering pupae. Damaged leaves found in the field should be removed at any time and buried deeply. In farming operations, pay attention to reducing friction and injury between humans, animals, agricultural machinery and plants, and reduce wounds.
â‘¡ Seed treatment. Soak the seeds in 50% warm water for 25 minutes to sterilize the seeds, cool and dry before sowing.
â‘¢Physical control. Plutella xylostella has phototaxis. Set a black light or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp to trap and kill Plutella xylostella during the adult period. Use silver-gray film to drive away aphids. In order to prevent winged aphids from migrating to vegetable fields to spread the poison, silver-gray film mulching is used for planting. Silver gray film strips can also be laid in the vegetable field at intervals before sowing or planting to avoid aphids.
â‘£Biological control. The powder of Bacillus thuringiensis, Borer bacillus and Penicillium can be used to spray 800-1000 times of water, or abamectin-type medicaments can be used to control the pests such as Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura. If conditions permit, Trichogramma can be released during the egg stage of Spodoptera litura, with 6-8 placement points per mu, release 2000-3000 each time, release once every 5 days for 2-3 times, so that the parasitic rate reaches 80 %the above. To prevent and control soft rot, use 72% streptomycin sulfate wettable powder or neophytomycin 200 microliters/liter, or 47% kasulina copper chloride wettable powder 600-800 times liquid spray control, or Caifengning 150- Irrigate roots with 250 grams and 100 liters of water.
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