The flowering period of grapes is from the beginning to the end of flowering. After pollination and fertilization, the ovary expands and develops into young fruit, which is called "fruit setting". 2-3 days after blooming, it enters the physiological fruit-dropping period. The berry growth period is from the ovary expansion to before the berry coloration.
In order to adapt to the requirements of tree body adjustment, flower spike shaping, flower preservation and fruit preservation, the inflorescence before anthesis should be thinned: 1 new shoot in the moderation and 1 ear inflorescence should be carried out as soon as possible.
When the ear quality can be seen after flowering, remove the weak ears, side ears, divergent shoulders and stunted ears from the double ears, and determine the number of ears retained by the yield per unit area (yield per mu), 2000-3000 ears per mu . The flowering period focuses on the preservation of flowers and fruits. The berry growth period mainly revolves around the principle of stable fruit expansion.
Phenological period: Flower and fruit period (flowering and fruit-setting period-sugar-increasing and coloring period) (early May to late August)
Cultivation management key: promote fruit setting and fruit swelling, control vegetative growth and promote fruit growth, quality formation and branch fullness
Management technology:
1. Apply fertilizer and water before flowering 10 days before flowering;
2. 7-3 days before flowering, trim the ears, remove the shoulders, thin the spikelets, and show the tips of the spikelets.
Pest control: use bifenthrin or chrysanthemum cream, fenvalerate, and beta-cypermethrin to prevent and treat insect pests such as lucorum, thrips, scale insects (meal bugs, oriental scale insects, etc.) , Optional addition of emamectin benzoate, pymetrozine, etc. to prevent and control scale insects (mealcoccium, oriental helmet scale, etc.).
7-5 days before flowering, use Bordeaux mixture, Texanite, Mancozeb, Cobalt, Propisenzine, Mancozeb, Chlorothalonil, Metalaxyl, Retox, etc. to prevent gray mold and downy mildew , Cob brown blight, black pox.
Inflorescence separation period-initial flowering period is the critical period for disease control and promotion of pollination and fertilization. Thiram + boron, thiophanate-methyl + boron, and pyrimethanil should be used.
3. Three days before flowering, the branches of Kyoho grapes should be topped, and the fruit should be set (such as red globe grapes) and topped after flowering;
4. Auxiliary pollination during flowering, removing tendrils;
5. Promote physiological fruit drop 3 days after flowering.
After the end of physiological fruit dropping, the size of the mung bean, and the stable fruit setting (10-15 days after flowering), topdressing should be done in time, mainly compound fertilizer, and ternary compound fertilizer (or diammonium phosphate) 30-60 per mu every 20 days Jin + potassium sulfate 20-60 Jin, a total of 2-4 times. The fertilization method is the same as the above, the tree row alternates left and right.
Extra-root top dressing is very important. Spray 1-2 times of 0.1%-0.3% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate after blooming, which can increase the fruit setting rate. 30-20 days before harvesting, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or water-soluble potassium sulfate 2-3 times on the foliage, with an interval of 1 week, which can promote sugar and coloring.
6. 7 days after flowering, fruit thinning and ear tips are cut;
7. 10 days after flowering, pest control, swelling fruit fertilizer and water.
Expanding fruit fertilizer should be applied frequently with thin fertilizer and frequent irrigation with small water to ensure stable fruit expansion and prevent fruit cracking.
After flowering, it is advisable to control black pox, downy mildew, gray mold, cob brown blight, powdery mildew, house blight, brown spot, spider mites, hawk moths and other diseases and insect pests. The preventive agent can be carbendazim + imidacloprid or Thiophanate methyl + pyrethroid, etc., ****** use pyrimethanil, propamocarb or dimethomorph + imidacloprid, etc.
8. 20-40 days after flowering, fruit thinning, fruit ear treatment, bagging.
After fruit setting and before bagging, it is forbidden to use drugs that can leave scars on the fruit surface, such as Triadimefon, Mancozeb, Zinc, Triadimefon, Fuxing, Bordeaux mixture, etc.
Fruit thinning: before bagging, perform a full thinning of the remaining ears. According to 30-80 ears per ear, no more than 100 ears, use the thinning fruit to trim the ears to remove the diseases, insects, and deformed fruits. For stone fruits and densely-grown inner fruits, the thinning of the ears requires proper tightness between the kernels, and the size of the ears is basically the same.
Bag selection: Choose a water-proof, insect-proof, disease-proof ********* pure white grape waxed paper bag made by a regular manufacturer. Its size is generally 380 mm × 280 mm, with a water-permeable hole at the bottom.
Reasonable pruning: After the physiological fruit drop, you can start preparing for bagging. In order to prevent the fruit from sunburn, the auxiliary shoots of summer buds should be kept reasonably, which can effectively prevent sunburn.
The method is to use the branches and leaves to protect the grapes by using the branches and leaves to protect the grapes. The specific technique is to leave 1-2 summer buds at the position of the first or second leaf above the branches and ears according to the "3-2-1" method. Shoots, choose the outer side shoots, can play the role of "playing an umbrella"; the remaining shoots are selected according to the amount of space branches and leaves, and 1-3 leaves are left for topping after extinction. Endlessness refers to no longer leaving the secondary shoots more than 2 times.
After bagging the grapes, the cultivation management should be strengthened. In case of high temperature during the whole growth period, the watering interval should be shortened, the watering frequency should be increased, the humidity under the rack should be kept, and the temperature under the rack should be lowered to reduce the occurrence of burns. Spray the fungicide once every 10-15 days, focusing on preventing grape downy mildew and grape powdery mildew. In the case of consecutive cloudy and rainy years, you can appropriately increase the number of sprays and increase the concentration of the drug.
9. In the berry growth period, although the extension and growth of new shoots is relatively slow, the thickening growth is still going on, which is the key period for the formation of fruit quality and the formation of inflorescence protrusions in winter buds.
Fertilizer: Stop fertilizing the soil 30 to 20 days before harvest, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or water-soluble potassium sulfate 2-3 times on the foliage, with an interval of 1 week.
Water: Control watering 30 to 20 days before harvest to increase sugar and color.
Pest control: use Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb, triadimefon, triadimefon, tebuconazole, flusilazole, methonium, cobalt, prosenzine, chlorothalonil, metalaxyl, and Moxazone Prevention and treatment of gray mold, downy mildew, cob brown blight and black pox.
Shaping and pruning: pinch tendrils and tie vines in time.
Note: It is not necessary to remove the good old leaves. The sugar coloring of grapes is due to the accumulation of nutrients produced by the photosynthesis of the green leaves, not directly exposed to sunlight. The bag is not taken off before harvesting, and the lower mouth of the bag can be opened 10 days before harvesting.
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