Abstract : This paper summarizes the symptom recognition, hazard characteristics, epidemiological conditions, transmission routes and prevention and control measures of rice blast, providing reference for farmers to effectively control rice blast.
Rice blast disease is one of the main diseases of rice in Zhenyi County. In recent years, the incidence rate has shown an upward trend, generally reducing production by 10% to 30%, severely reducing production by more than 50%, and even ending up with no harvest. The prevention and control measures are as follows.
1. Rice blast type
Rice blast can be divided into seedlings, leafhoppers, knots, panicles and grains. In particular, leaf blast and panicle blast are more serious and have the greatest impact on rice yield.
2. Hazardous features
Rice blast can occur in every growth period of rice, and it will cause the dead seedlings in the seedling stage. It will be harmed from the tillering stage to the heading stage, affect the photosynthesis of rice, cause no new leaves withering or dead, and damage in the heading stage. Causes white spikes. In the heading stage to the yellow ripe stage, the grain and 1000-grain weight of the rice were damaged, which could not be fulfilled and the quality of rice was reduced.
3. Epidemic conditions
The epidemic intensity of rice blast is closely related to such factors as rice variety, field management, bacteria source, and climatic conditions.
3.1 Variety disease resistance
General long-grained varieties and super rice susceptibility diseases, such as: 98-122, Jixi 88, etc., rice quality and not fat. The stalks are hard, the plant type distribution is moderate, and the erect varieties resistant to disease, such as: Jixi 809, Jida 6, Jida 718, Tongxi 926, Tongyu 820, Jinlang 303 and so on.
3.2 climatic conditions
The climatic factor affecting the epidemic of rice blast is mainly humidity. The temperature is generally suitable for the occurrence of rice blast disease. In the end of June and early July in the county, rice is highly productive and rainy at the end of the tillering period, and leaf lice are prone to occur. However, leaf pods have not been serious in recent years. From the end of July to mid-August, due to the high temperature and humidity, panicles and neck lice are more serious.
3.3 Cultivation conditions
3.3.1 Fertilization. Fertilization must be rational, nitrogen fertilizer is too large, and rice blast disease is serious.
3.3.2 drainage irrigation. Sandy fields with long-term deep water or impounding water are prone to onset. Therefore, timely irrigation and drainage can control the occurrence of rice blast disease.
3.3.3 rational close planting. To maintain good ventilation and ventilation, high density is not conducive to photosynthesis and increase the humidity in the field is easy to get sick.
4. Transmission route
When the environmental conditions are not suitable, the rice blast pathogens temporarily lurk, and when the environmental conditions are favorable, the disease manifests itself and can be repeated many times, resulting in the prevalence of a large area of ​​rice blast disease. The rice blast pathogens overwintered on diseased and diseased rice straw, and the primary source of infection was straw.
5. Control methods
5.1 Select Disease-resistant Varieties
Among the rice varieties, different varieties have different resistance to disease, and rice varieties with high yields and direct necks are resistant to disease.
5.2 Destroy the initial infection source
Rice seeds are treated with seeds. When they are soaked, they must be sterilized with ramram. The diseased rice should be cleaned in the autumn and deep-turned.
5.3 Strengthen Water Management
Grasping cultivation techniques such as fertilizer and water management is an important part of the prevention and control of rice blast. Combining soil testing, formula fertilization, rational fertilization, reasonable close planting, and raising rice disease resistance.
5.4 Chemical Control
According to the occurrence of rice blast disease, it is very important to control the leafhopper in the rice-breaking period. It is very important to apply the medicine in the rice break-breaking period, and then add a drug once at the heading stage to control the occurrence of rice blast. Medications should be selected from 1500 grams per hectare of rice indica ling (Fengpai), or 300 grams per hectare from the enemy.
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