Potted apples are generally 2 to 3 years old and 4 to 5 years old apples produce 15 to 25 per plant. Cultivation techniques are as follows:
First, choose basins and configure nutrition soil
Select a diameter of 40cm, bottom diameter 35cm, height 30cm, drainage basin, pots, wooden boxes. Nutrition soil preparation: 6 parts of fertile soil, 2 parts of river sand, 1 part of mature sheep manure, 1 part of eroded leaves and horseshoe fermented fertilizer, and evenly mixed and sieved.
Second, the basin
The seedlings with robust plants, full shoots, and no pests were selected and planted in the upper and middle pots in April. When the plants were planted, they were sterilized with 5 degree lime sulfur and roots were cut. First put a small amount of nutrient soil into the pelvic floor, and then into the seedlings, evenly placed the roots, buried practical, timely watering, you can ensure survival.
Third, fertilizer and water management
Before and after germination, apply 0.2% of available nitrogen fertilizer once. From May, apply liquid fertilizer once every 10 days for 200 times organic cake fertilizer. 0.2% inorganic liquid fertilizer such as urea, diammonium, and ammonium sulfate auxiliary. During fruit enlargement period, foliar spray fertilizer is applied, and 0.3% to 0.5% urea and 3% to 5% ash can be sprayed. The autumn shoots are prosperous and the fruits are nearly ripe. The top 200 times organic liquid fertilizer is applied once every two months. The new shoots were stopped and the fruit matured. According to the growth of the plants, top dressing was applied once every 10 days. The organic fertilizer was mainly used 200 times, and 0.2% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer was used in combination.
The potted apple soil should be thoroughly drenched after drying, and the water should be replenished in a timely manner during the sprouting, flowering, and fruit expansion periods. In order to promote flower bud differentiation in June, it is necessary to control the water properly; in the July-August rainy season, watering should be less.
Fourth, pruning
Potted fruit trees can be pruned into bonsai trees according to personal preferences. Attention should be paid to opening the angles to make them airy and transparent, which will help form flower buds and achieve high yields.
Potted apple to control the crown should be from 1 year old, with dry height equal to the height of the pot or double the height of the pot is appropriate, the use of coiled pull the way to inhibit growth and promote hair sticks. It is also possible to nurse seedlings at the required height for 1 year, strengthen the main trunk and send new branches. For new branches, branches should be cultured in tree shape; for leggy branches and competing branches, twisting shoots among 5-7 leaves of branches can effectively control the height of trees, prevent leggy and promote flower buds; And the competition school should make full use of it, combined with pulling branches to carry out twisting tips, picking hearts, injuring wounds, and girdling, it can cultivate a large number of fruiting branches and promote its formation of flower buds, achieving early results and multiple results. When the potted apple enters the fruiting period, the tree shape has been basically established. It is appropriate to select the branches according to the species, and it is appropriate to use the entire canopy space to obtain reasonable use. The long branches with space can be reserved for the cultivation of new skeletons, medium and short. Branches were cultured as a result of branches, so that the canopy remained stable, long and short branches, leaf-to-fruit ratio is appropriate.
V. Flower and Fruit Management
1. Artificial Pollination: Pollen is taken from the orchards with similar phenophases 2 to 3 days before flowering, and artificial pollination is conducted on the morning of flowering in the potted apple.
2. Spraying boron during flowering: Spraying with 0.25% borax during flowering can increase fruit setting rate.
3. Bagging: Fruit bagging after physiological fruit drop. The fruit bag was removed 15-30 days before fruit ripening to color the fruit.
VI. Pest Control
Potted apples have fine management, good ventilation and light transmission, strong growth, and fewer pests and diseases. In the event of pests and diseases, we must promptly remove sick branches, diseased leaves, and diseased fruits, scrape off the lesions, and manually capture pests. In case of serious pests and diseases, spray carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil and other fungicides 1-2 times after flowering to prevent fruit and leaf diseases; spray insecticides that are mainly pyrethroids in April and May. Control pests such as aphids and leaffold insects; spray insecticide, acaricide, etc. from 1 to 2 times in June and July to control red spider mites and peach borer; spraying carbendazim and thiophanate in July and August , Bordeaux fluid and other fungicides, prevention of early defoliation, ringworm disease, anthrax.
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