Non-invasive liquid biopsy application example of exosomes: exosome surface protein detection for tumor diagnosis

Release date: 2016-05-10

With the deepening of cancer research, tumor cell-specific markers have gradually become an indispensable test item in tumor diagnosis. Conventional screening of tumor markers may require tissue biopsy to obtain a live sample of the patient by puncture or the like. The method needs to determine the location of the patient's solid tumor, which is not convenient for disease screening in healthy people. At the same time, tissue biopsy is harmful to the patient, and bad stimulation may accelerate the growth of the tumor. A new non-invasive diagnosis method needs to be developed. CTC and ctDNA have gradually entered the field of vision as an emerging liquid biopsy detection method. However, due to the low content of CTC and ctDNA in the blood, the collection and purification methods are complicated, and there are certain drawbacks at present. Exosomes are emerging as liquid biopsy targets. Gradually become the new detection target. Exosome Diagnostics has developed detection methods for fusion RNA, etc., but the technical route for using liquid exosome for liquid biopsy needs to be enriched.

Recently, JEV published the latest research results of Belov L and others from the University of Sydney, which enriched everyone's understanding of liquid biopsy methods and provided new biopsy ideas. Belov L et al. immobilized known tumor surface marker antibodies on a chip and compared the reliability of EV as a surface marker detection source by comparing tumor cells with EV, respectively.

It can be seen from the article that vesicle surface markers in cells and plasma are detected by antibody microarrays, and about 40% of cancer cell surface markers are expressed on the surface of vesicles. This means that tissue biopsy of tumor cells can be replaced to some extent by detection of vesicular surface markers. It is believed that with the development of technology and the improvement of detection sensitivity, the proportion of the surface markers of vesicles corresponding to the surface markers of cancer cells will gradually increase.

This article provides, to a certain extent, a new technical route for the use of extracellular vesicles in plasma for liquid biopsy for tumor diagnosis. It is believed that with the gradual improvement of technology, the clinical application of this technology will be closer and closer.

Source: Exogenous House

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