Fertilization should be "as good as you can"

Editor's note: Henan Province is a major province of wheat production. In recent years, the state and province have introduced a series of preferential agricultural policies to support the development of wheat production, which has greatly improved the agricultural production conditions in our province, and the production level has been continuously improved. , The yields hit record highs for 5 consecutive years. In 2007, the wheat planting area reached 75.66 million mu, and the wheat planting area in 2008 will further expand. Doing a good job of wheat sowing is the basis for the high and stable production of wheat. The first is the selection of varieties. Only by selecting good varieties, can the production increase be guaranteed. Followed by site preparation, fertilization, watering, sowing and other details of the work, only fine soil preparation, good base fertilizer, make a good bottom, appropriate sowing, to ensure that the whole seedling sowing, to lay a good foundation for high yield the following year. Finally, the prevention of wheat diseases, pests and weeds is the most important period to prevent various diseases, weeds and weeds. The prevention of pests and weeds in the sowing period will not only directly control the harmfulness of underground pests and weeds, but also effectively control the disease. The occurrence of many diseases in the early stage of wheat growth reduces the degree of occurrence and alleviates the pressure of late prevention and treatment. This year's wheat planting is about to begin. In order to strive for a new record in wheat production, we specially consulted with the provincial seed management station, Henan Agricultural University, and some grassroots agricultural technicians, from species selection, soil preparation, sowing, fertilization to planting pests and diseases. Prevention and other aspects of the introduction of practices to ensure the broadcast of a complete seedlings, Miao Qi, Miao uniform, Miao Zhuang's purpose, lay the foundation for the next year high yield of wheat.

This year, the general principle of wheat sowing fertilization: increase the amount of organic fertilizer, soil testing using nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, targeted fertilizer application. Ways to increase organic fertilizer: First, we must build up farmyard fertilizers. The second is to promote the return of straw to fields, and the entire country can work to expand the area of ​​returning straw by returning straw to the field, returning the straw to the field, and cleaning the straw to return the land.

The characteristics of wheat requiring fertilization must give scientific fertilization to wheat. First of all, we should understand the characteristics of wheat for fertilizer. Only by “favoring the best” and applying fertilization on demand, can we obtain better fertilization results. For every 100 kilograms of wheat produced, wheat needs to absorb pure nitrogen 2.8 to 3.2 kilograms, pure phosphorus 1 to 1.5 kilograms, and pure potassium 2 to 4 kilograms. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.4:1 or 3:1:3. According to the findings of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are required for the emergence and jointing of wheat to be 40%, 20%, and 20%, respectively; from jointing to flowering, it is the peak period for wheat to absorb nutrients and requires nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium was 48%, 67%, and 65%, respectively, and the amount of absorbed nutrients after grain formation was significantly decreased.

The determination of the amount of base fertilizer is relatively simple and practical. The method of fertilization is based on the principle of "soil return theory" and combined with the current practice of formula fertilization. A wheat field with an average yield of 500 kg per mu requires 15 kg of pure nitrogen, 7.5 kg of pure phosphorus, and 15 kg of pure potassium. Therefore, the amount of fertilization should be equivalent to 32.6 kg of urea, 16.3 kg of diammonium phosphate and 25 kg of potassium chloride. Fertilizer with better quality organic fertilizer is more effective, can greatly increase the organic matter content of the soil, enhance the ability to maintain fertilizer and water, improve the utilization of fertilizer. General high-yielding fields apply 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre, and 800 kilograms of fresh corn stalks are returned to the field; medium and low yield fields apply 2500 to 3,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre, and return fresh corn stalks of 500 to 800 kilograms. Due to the low utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in the current season, it should generally be increased by 30% to 50% (for the above amount of fertilizer, the same below). Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have a low mobility in the soil and are generally applied at the end; the mobility of nitrogen fertilizers is large, and they are usually applied in phases. Since wheat needs a certain amount of nitrogen at the seedling stage, and the ammoniated rot of the straw from the corn stalk returning field also requires a certain amount of nitrogen, it is necessary to apply a certain amount of urea. It is necessary to vigorously popularize the technology of nitrogen fertilizer transfer. High-water and fertilizer-based nitrogen fertilizers account for 50% of the total nitrogen fertilizer. Reclaimed nitrogen fertilizers account for 60% to 70% of the total nitrogen fertilizer. The residual nitrogen fertilizer basically ended at the end of March and early April. When topdressing. In addition, chemical fertilizers have to be deepened and resolutely put an end to surface application.

Based on the above factors, wheat generally applies 10 kg of urea, 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20-30 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate (alkali land) per acre, and the total effective nutrient content is about 30 kg. This fertilization is not only conducive to high yield and high efficiency of wheat, but also can be used as a “two-purpose fertilizer”. The lower corn can obtain high yield with 5 to 10 kg of diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer and 25 to 30 kg of urea as top dressing.

The demand of wheat for micronutrients In terms of micronutrients, wheat is highly sensitive to manganese and copper. Appropriate increase in yield will help increase yield. Although wheat is not sensitive to zinc and molybdenum, it is easy to induce zinc and molybdenum deficiency due to long-term large-scale application of phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, if conditions are met, the total amount of zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, and copper sulphate should be 2 kg for each mu and 1 kg for copper sulphate (apply once every two to two years). The amount of molybdenum required is very low, and the foliar spray can be used.

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