Detailed explanation of key technologies for high-quality and high-yield planting and cultivation of pepper (with pest control)
Pepper has always been a common vegetable in our lives, especially in the South, which is spicy and spicy. Under the huge market demand for peppers, many growers started to grow peppers, but it is not so simple to grow peppers. Here we will learn about pepper planting techniques and pest control.
1 Fully guarantee the quality of parent seeds
For the parental seed, scientific hybridization of the quality of the parental seed can be fully ensured in the work of making the seed. Under normal conditions, the purity of pepper seeds cannot be <99.0%, and the clarity is not <98.0%, and the germination rate must not be <75.0%.
2 cultivate strong seedlings
2.1 Determine the scientific parental age and sowing date
In the process of pepper planting, the seedling age is generally 65-75d. In the same state of parental maturity, it is necessary to make a reasonable choice for open seed production. Usually, the parent body needs to be earlier than the parent body. Sowing, the time is 8 ~ 15d, but due to the variety of varieties, sometimes the parental growth period is longer, so the problem needs to be based on the parental growth period and variety characteristics to determine the sowing date. Under the premise of scientifically reasonable time, the father should have planted 7 days ahead of the mother. The ratio of parental seeding should be 1:2~4.
2.2 Heavy prevention of seedling pests and diseases
For the early stage of pepper seedlings, the diseases faced during the growth process mainly include rickets and bacterial leaf spot. Among them, the diseased pepper is a common disease, which causes the temperature and temperature and humidity of the seedlings to be unsuitable. Moreover, if the virus infestation occurs after the seedlings are unearthed, water stains will occur at the base of the seedling stem. The lesions are then expanded around the neck and the color of the seedlings turns yellowish brown. For the initial stage of the disease, the method of chemical control is usually used. In the process of prevention and treatment, 50% carbendazim WP 600 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution and 72% kelu (cream urea·manganese zinc) wettable powder 800 times solution or 65% senseng zinc 500 times solution, etc., spraying the drug once a week, continuously spraying 2 to 3 times, thus achieving the most Good pest control effect.
In the process of analyzing bacterial leaf spot disease of pepper, this kind of disease is commonly known as "deciduous sputum", which is a ubiquitous bacterial disease of pepper. The initial stage of the disease is mainly the bulging spots on the back of the leaf, and in expanding the disease. After the spot, an irregular shape is formed. In the early stage of the pathogenesis of the disease, it can be controlled by using 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid water-soluble powder 1000 times solution or 2% spring leucomycin liquid 500 times solution. The spraying time is relatively long, usually 7-10 days. Spraying once, the effect is very good. Also pay attention to prevent high temperature weather or cold and humid climate, try to achieve more ventilation, in the early stage of the disease, dry fine soil or grass ash on the seedbed to prevent the soil from being too moist, it is necessary to clean up the diseased plants in time to prevent the spread of disease.
2.3 Properly smelting
Refining is to use methods such as lowering the temperature to enhance the viability of the seedlings and adapt to harsh environments. The period of refining is usually half a month. The basic operation methods in the refining are divided into the following aspects: increasing the ventilation volume, controlling the water volume and lowering the temperature, and the treatment of the interrupted root is 2 to 3 times; in the process of refining, the leaf color can be deepened and increased. The degree of essentialization of the seedlings comprehensively enhances the ability of the plants to resist lodging, and strengthens the adaptability and disease resistance of the seedlings.
3 technical form of mixing pruning
For the extracted hybrids, the work of the pepper hybridization needs to be carried out stably, and the work design of the middle and the middle of the miscellaneous is carried out by analyzing the basic conditions such as plant height, plant type, and leaf shape and leaf color. Especially in the case of the father to the miscellaneous, it is necessary to strictly design the work content, and in accordance with the principle of "preferably wrong, not to be missed", thoroughly examine the father and improve the purity of seed production. All the branches of the maternal plant, the large flower buds, the knotted fruit, and all the branches below the door pepper and the thin and dysplastic branches inside the plant were all removed. In order to reduce nutrient consumption, avoid the formation of self-contained fruit mixed into the hybrid fruit.
4 to the male
At the present stage of the technical analysis of pepper emasculation, the basic technical forms are mainly divided into two types. The first one is to remove the stamens by using tweezers. The left thumb of the grower needs to be gently clipped with the index finger to maintain the fixed posture. Can not turn, then use the tweezers to open the petals, and then remove the anthers; the second is to remove the petals and stamens by hand, and tear off the bracts to mark them. For the two methods of emasculation, the second method can save working time and improve work efficiency. Moreover, in the emasculation, the suitability of flower buds is also needed. If the bud selection is too small, the probability of fruit setting will be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to select the largest flower bud that is not loose powder as the basic emasculation object.
5 pollination
For the hybrid planting technology of pepper, in its application, the emasculation and pollination work need to be interconnected. On the basis of mutual restraint and interaction, the overall efficiency of the work of emasculation is improved, and the problem of pollination failure is effectively solved. Before the pollination of the pepper, the pollen needs to be filled at the end of the pollination tube, and then treated with a rubber stopper or a cotton plug. During the whole process, it must be noted that the stigma cannot be injured. It is best to pollinate on the day of the male emasculation to effectively enhance the pollination. The probability of success.
6 Field management
After the pollination of the peppers and the completion of the fruit setting, the relevant personnel are required to remove the upper self-crossing flowers in time to effectively reduce the nutrient consumption of the pillars. Moreover, in the process of thorough removal by manpower, it is necessary to carry out reasonable removal of the male plant, effectively preventing the hybrid fruit from being mixed, and affecting the quality of the planting.
6.1 Strengthening the management of fertilizer and water in field management
In the process of using this kind of technology, proper watering treatment is needed, and after the fruit is set in the pepper, the fruit can be watered when the fruit length reaches 3 cm, and the fertilization is completely realized.
6.2 Analysis of pests and diseases
Pests and diseases are also prone to occur before the pepper matures, such as epidemics, powdery mildew, etc. If these problems cannot be prevented in time, the risk of production or disposal of the peppers will be met. Therefore, in the process of daily work management, It is necessary to take "prevention based, prevention and control" as the basis to provide stable support for the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Capsicum annuum is one of the main pests and diseases in pepper production. It can be spread in the roots of peppers with 2% to 3% of Phytophthora granules 2~5g; or 600-800 times or 50% with 50% nail cream copper WP. Frost, manganese-zinc wettable powder 500 times spray, spray once every 5~7d, spray 2~3 times; powdery mildew mainly harms leaves, leaves of old or young leaves can be killed, 50% sulfur suspension 500 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 times solution, 70% mancozeb WP 400 times solution for prevention and treatment. In the early stage of the disease, 40% Fuxing (flusilazole) emulsifiable concentrate 8000 ~ 10000 times solution, 15% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution or 40% more · sulfur suspension agent 500 times solution spray, 5 to 7d1 times, even spray 2 ~3 times.
The cabbage caterpillar is more harmful to vegetables. After being bitten by the cabbage caterpillar, it is easily infected by soft rot fungi, leading to disease prevalence. It can be used to prevent cabbage caterpillars by using super-calcium phosphate and lime water to avoid the eggs. It can be sprayed with 1%-3% lime water or 1%-3% calcium perphosphate. It can avoid more than 52% of eggs in 1 week. Up to 84%.
In order to improve the disease resistance of the plants, it is necessary to spray the nutrient compound fertilizer appropriately to ensure the fruit yield.
7 kinds of fruit harvest
For the harvesting of pepper seeds, it is necessary to confirm that the labeled pepper seeds are fully mature before harvesting, in order to obtain good seeds. At the time of harvesting, attention should be paid to distinguishing the hybridization markers. If the markers are unmarked or the unmarked fruits are not harvested. Because the ripening period of pepper is different, the harvesting period is longer, and it must be picked in batches, usually every 2 to 4 days. The fully mature pepper seeds should be dark red or dark yellow. After harvesting, they should be cooked in a cool and dry place for 3 to 4 days to ensure the fruit is fully mature.
8 kinds of fruit seeds
Under normal circumstances, in the seed-harvesting technology, artificial seeding and mechanical seeding are mainly used. Through the comprehensive application of good planting techniques, the optimization and rationality of planting techniques can be improved. In the artificial seed, the seed can be directly dried without washing, and the germination rate can be increased after the color of the seed turns yellow; in the mechanical seeding, it is necessary to undergo fruit crushing and fermentation treatment before washing the seed. It should be noted that the fermentation time of pepper seeds can not exceed 24h, if it exceeds 24h, it will seriously affect the germination rate of seeds. For the washed seeds, they need to be placed in the gauze frame to ensure the seeds are clean.
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