Potatoes are planted on no-till soil and then covered with straw. The method of cultivation of potatoes on the ground when they are harvested is called no-tillage rice-mulching cultivation. The farmers say that the winter potato is covered with “straw quiltsâ€. Compared with traditional tillage sowing, this method has 8-10 acres of work; 1 mu of potato land requires 3 acres of straw, which provides a new way for returning rice to straw. Due to the improvement of ecological conditions, potato pests and diseases are light, and grass damage is lighter, which is beneficial to the production of pollution-free potatoes. Its main technologies are:
Variety selection. Select suitable early maturing varieties such as Dongnong 303, Zhongshu No. 3, Kexin No. 4 and so on. Seed should be germinated, preferably with 1 cm in length. The general selection of 30 grams or so of small seed potatoes is good for sowing whole potatoes. Large seed potatoes should be cut into pieces. Each cut must have at least one robust bud. The incision is more than 1 cm away from the shoots. The shape of the cuts is preferably a tetrahedron to avoid cutting into thin slices. Cuts can be immersed in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 250-500 times, dried with a little ash, planting grass every other day.
Timely sowing. Winter is generally planted in mid-January and harvested in May. Before sowing, in the no-tillage paddy field, 1.6 meters wide is used as a compartment, and the trench is opened. The groove is 15 cm wide and 15 cm deep. The digging of the trench should not be piled on the ditch. The surface should be slightly arched to avoid water accumulation. Generally grown grasses and rice bran do not affect the growth of potatoes. If more grasses can be removed, do not use herbicides. Put 4-5 rows in each compartment, spacing 30-40 cm, 25 cm spacing. Put the seed potatoes on the box, eyes up, leaving 20 centimeters left to sow.
Cover the straw. After sowing, potatoes should be uniformly covered with 8-10 cm straw. The straw should be covered with the entire car without leaving blank. Cover thickness can not be too thick, too thin, if the straw is too thick, not only the seedlings are slow, and the stem base of the potato seedlings is slender and weak; if the grass cover is too thin, it can easily leak light and form green sweet potatoes, which reduces the quality.
Fertilizer management. One-time application of base fertilizer without top dressing. The base fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and the soil is mixed with fire ash or coal ash. The plant ash is directly placed on the seed potato when sowing. The chemical fertilizer is preferably 45% compound fertilizer, and the granular fertilizer is placed in the middle of 2 seed potatoes. Seed next to the seed, but keep a distance of 5 cm or more to prevent bad seed. The newly-covered new grass absorbs little water, and it is easy to dry so that the potato seedlings are subjected to drought. The trench can be properly irrigated in a timely manner, and the water layer should be shallow so as not to shift the straw to degree, and drain and drain in time. When the seeding time is fine and rainless, it must be timely irrigated. Rainy days should pay attention to drains.
Harvest method. More than 70% of the tubers of potatoes covered with straw are on the surface of the soil, and can be harvested by prying open the straw; a few grow in the cracks or pores and are easily excavated. It can also be harvested in stages, that is, the rice straw is gently poked, the grown potato pieces are harvested, and the straw is then covered so that the young potatoes continue to grow.
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