With the adjustment of the rural economic structure, the geese industry has made great progress and has become an important industry in the rural economy. Goose breeding is an important part of goose production. In order for the survival rate, laying rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate of breeding geese to meet the desired production standards and achieve better economic benefits, the implementation of comprehensive measures must be implemented to ensure the stable development of breeding geese.
Scientific selection of site
Goose farms should be selected on the terrain of Gaozao, sunny shelter, away from the low-lying wet areas, but also away from residential areas and other poultry farms, at least from the village more than 1,000 meters to prevent the invasion of infectious diseases. The terrain should be flat or slightly sloped. It is advisable to use the south or southeast direction. The terrain is high and dry and the drainage is good. The site soil has not been contaminated by infectious diseases or parasitic pathogens in the past. The air permeability and water permeability are good and the site is dry. Sandy loam or loam is suitable. Goose fields built under such soil conditions are well drained, have a low thermal conductivity, are resistant to propagation by microorganisms and have good hygienic conditions.
Clay or sandy soil is not suitable for construction. Due to the objective conditions that can only be built on such soils, it is necessary to take remedial measures in the design, construction, use, and other daily management of the goose house to change the defects caused by the local soil.
The geese farm should have sufficient water sources, have a moderate position, and have good water quality. The water does not contain germs and poisons, no odor or odor, and the water quality is clarified. The best source of water for the movement of geese is flowing water, with a depth of 1m to 1.5m, which is convenient for the movement and breeding of geese. The fertilization rate of breeding geese with water conditions on the water is about 10% higher than that of the dry land.
In addition, the transportation is convenient and the power supply is reliable to ensure the production needs.
Do a good job of breeding goslings to ensure the uniformity of the development of geese
Goslings have fast growth and development, poor body temperature regulation ability, and poor digestion. They must meet the requirements of temperature, humidity, air, light, and nutrient and hygiene conditions for goslings to grow while providing a good supply of brooding materials during brooding. Development creates good environmental conditions.
Temperature is the primary condition for the breeding of goslings and must be properly handled. The temperature is closely related to the temperature regulation of goslings, exercise, feed intake, and the digestion and absorption of drinking water and feed. If the temperature is too low, goslings crowd together due to chills, affecting feeding and exercise. In severe cases, they die due to crowded confinement, and some develop colds and diarrhea and die. High temperatures will affect the normal metabolism of goslings, loss of appetite, physical weakness, slow growth, but also easy to catch cold or respiratory diseases, and cause spasm. The temperature at the time of brooding should be slightly different with the brooding season, the brooding room, and the breed of geese. The principle of grasping temperature is: small groups are slightly higher, and large groups are slightly lower; weak and slightly younger, and young and young are slightly lower; cold days are slightly higher and hot days are slightly lower; nights are slightly higher and days are slightly lower. The temperature decreases with increasing age of the gosling and can be adjusted by 2°C per week. It can be reduced to 22°C-18°C at 20 days of age. Generally, artificial incubation is required for 3 weeks to 4 weeks.
Humidity is an important condition for the healthy growth of young goslings. Although the goose is a waterfowl, it is afraid of moisture. Goslings less than 30 days old are most afraid of the wetness. As the saying goes, "There is no coincidence for geese. If the indoor humidity is high and the temperature is low, goslings will feel cold due to the large amount of heat released from the body, and it is easy to cause colds. If the humidity is high and the temperature is high, the body heat of the goslings is suppressed and the goslings are stifling, which affects the metabolism of the body, decreases the appetite, weakens the resistance, and causes disease of goslings. When feeding, do not spill water, keep the ground and dry grass bedding, which is an important measure to control the humidity within the house to prevent colds and squatting goslings.
Ventilation is an important part of brooding. The purpose of ventilation is to vent indoor air containing contaminated air such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, exchange fresh air, and regulate the temperature and humidity in the room. If no effective ventilation measures are taken, harmful gases will seriously affect the health of the goslings, reduce the weight of the goslings, reduce the disease resistance, and cause goose diseases, resulting in death. The standard for ventilation and ventilation is to allow people to enter the room without sulking feeling and not pungent nose. Ventilate indoors to prevent gap winds to prevent cold goslings.
Do a good job in the management of breeding period and improve the production performance of breeding geese
At the stage of growth and development, the geese are in the stage of rapid growth and development between the ages of 28 days and 120 days. They need higher nutrient levels, and have not yet improved the digestibility of roughage. The medium goose fillet formulation should be based on concentrates. , Metabolisable energy 11.3MJ per kilogram, crude protein 16%, conditions can be properly fed some fresh grass, to ensure the development of goslings completely. At this stage, we must pay attention to the growth rate, body weight, and material standards so that the geese physique can be fully developed. The physique is robust, the individuals are well developed, and the bred rate reaches more than 90%.
The control of growth-promoting mature geese in the 120 days to 150 days of age, has a strong adaptability, digestive function has been perfect, the reproductive system is also rapidly developed. To control gonad precocity, promote skeletal muscle development, prevent over-fertilization, make the geese weight suitable, high uniformity, fast egg production peak, the size of the egg is neat, this stage should be taken to tighten the first wide, first coarse after the limit of feeding Feeding method for hanging shelves. The protein requirement was reduced from 16% in the young to 12%, and the proportion of roughage was increased, but it should not exceed 30% in order to exercise the digestive abilities of the breeding geese. Male and female geese should be fed separately to allow the male geese to eat more concentrate, to enhance their fitness, to improve their ability to breed, and to increase their energy.
During the preparatory stage of laying, the geese breed at 150 days to 180 days, and after a period of control and feeding, the physique is weak, and the nutrient level must be improved one month before the laying of eggs to promote the early reproduction of reproductive function. To reach 16.5%, it is necessary to adopt low and high feeding methods to restore the breeding geese system to the pre-control level. The amount of feeding must be gradually increased. If it is increased too quickly, it will lead to early geese and excessive fat, affecting the quality and energetic of the eggs. During the period from 2 weeks to 3 weeks before laying eggs, the group should be grouped according to the breed characteristics of the breeding geese so that the male and female geese can get close to each other. Male goose must undergo appearance identification, genital inspection and semen quality inspection. Those who meet the standards can enter the group to ensure the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs. In order to increase the fertility rate, we adopt a single column breeding, with 50-150 animals per pen, and a breeding density of 2.5 animals per square meter and 3 animals.
Fully manage the management of the egg production period and improve the economic efficiency of breeding geese The nutrition and environmental management in the early stage of laying eggs is the key to the breeding period of the geese, improve feed nutrition, adjust the temperature and humidity of the geese, and ensure the illumination. Hours - 14 hours. The nutrition during the production period must meet the needs of breeding geese, so that the egg production rate quickly reaches its peak. The metabolic energy reaches 11.3MJ-11.7MJ per kilogram, the crude protein reaches 16.5%-18.0%, and the essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals also have to meet the standard of breeding goose. If vitamins and minerals are lacking, it will affect the laying rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate of breeding geese. Therefore, vitamins and minerals can be used as a safe amount in the allocation of rations, and some requirements can be added to ensure that geese can be preserved. The need for vitamins enables the geese to reach peak egg production quickly after laying eggs for 5 weeks to 6 weeks. If the peak of production is not reached during this period, it will not be possible to compensate for the egg production in later production.
During the laying period, sufficient water should be given. For every 100 species of geese, 45 to 60 square meters of water are required to provide water breeding conditions for the breeding geese. Sooner or later, the breeding geese must be given water once to increase the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs.
In order to increase the fertilization rate of breeding eggs and reduce the breeding cost of breeding goslings, it is necessary to vigorously promote the artificial insemination technology of male geese to increase the fertility rate to more than 90%.
Artificial forced moulting during the rest period
When the goose goes to rest and begins to moult, artificial force moulting should be adopted so that the geese can achieve the purpose of uniform moulting, allowing the geese to lay eggs 20-30 days in advance.
Artificial forced moulting is divided into two stages: forced moulting and artificial plucking.
In the mandatory moulting stage, the male and female geese are bred in groups first, and the male goose is laid on a basis of moulting 20 days to 30 days in advance. When forced moulting, the diet is changed to coarse material. In the case of ensuring drinking water, feeds are gradually reduced from day to day, once a day, and once every 3 days to 4 days, so that geese lack nutrition and body weight. After falling for more than 10 days, the body weight is reduced by about 1/3. When the dryness of the main wing feathers and the main tail feathers appear dry, the feeding day is resumed twice. After 3 days to 5 days, artificial moulting can be performed.
The artificial pullout stage should be performed at sunset in warm sunny weather. When pulling out the plumage, pull out the main wing feathers and aileron feathers first, pull the tail feathers behind, and pull down the down feathers. The feathers should be kept separately and have high economic value. The male goose must pull the plume 20 days to 30 days earlier than the female goose to ensure that the male geese can change their feathers before the laying hens lay their eggs. There is plenty of energy during the breeding.
After plucking feathers, we must strengthen management. The first few swans should be kept in captivity and not allowed to go into the water to prevent sun exposure and rain in the hot sun to prevent infection. Feeding from less to more, from coarse to fine, it gradually transitions to normal feed, and returns to normal management after one week. After the moulting of the main and auxiliary feathers is completed, it enters the management of the early stage of laying, and the mother geese 30 before laying eggs. Day-40 returns to the egg-laying management level, prompting the geese group to lay eggs normally. Male goose feed 15 days earlier than female goose to ensure a healthy body during breeding.
Throughout the mandatory moulting and recovery of the pre-laying period, the male and female geese must always be bred in groups. They should always be checked and carefully managed to prevent diseases and prevent death.
Strengthen Scientific Management and Do a Good Job of Preventing Diseases
It is not only the need of production, but also the need to improve fertility. Every year, goose farms need to introduce goslings or eggs, and the introduction of good breeding is the key to ensuring the safety of the geese. The introduction of goslings or eggs must come from a healthy, high-yielding breeding geese farm. Goslings or eggs need to be immunized against gosling geese and goose parasites prior to being released to the farm. The local animal supervision agency must issue a quarantine certificate when they appear. After 20 days of isolation and observation of isolated goslings, the bred goslings were not found to have normal disease in the goose farm. In addition to hatching and sterilizing, hatched eggs need to be isolated for observation for 20 days to prevent vertical transmission of the disease.
Persist in environmental sanitation, do a good job in geese production records, and do a good job in the cleanliness and hygiene of the geese living environment. In accordance with the different growth stages of geese, do a good job in the management of geese temperature, humidity, light, ventilation and stocking density. Adhere to frequent cleaning of geese and sports grounds, do a good job every day to clean and disinfect the feeding equipment, and promptly clean up excrement and garbage, so that the environment is quiet, clean, dry, bright and comfortable.
In order to timely understand the production, guide production, manage good breeds of geese, and increase economic efficiency, we must observe and record the basic conditions such as feed intake, drinking performance, feces, spirit, activity, and respiration of the geese, and observe and record the environment of the geese. Temperature, humidity, light, ventilation, disinfection, epidemic prevention and other conditions. By summarizing the above conditions, it is possible to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of goose diseases and reduce economic losses. Through the statistical production records, you can fully understand the number of eggs produced by breeding geese, the amount of material consumed, and the number of deaths, grasp the production situation in a timely manner, summarize lessons learned, and ensure the stable development of production.
Formulate an effective immunization plan, and do a good job in prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases Currently, there are few vaccines for the prevention of geese infectious diseases. It is mainly to do well the vaccination of gosling plague vaccines and goose paramyxovirus vaccines, and to inoculate them strictly according to the vaccine instructions. We must also pay attention to the prevention of gosling influenza, pasteurellosis, and E. coli disease, and implement comprehensive preventive measures to ensure the health of geese.
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