As dairy farmers, we must first know whether the dairy cows we produce are high-yielding or low-producing dairy cows, so as to be able to target and tap into their production potential; secondly, when new dairy cows are newly purchased, they should follow the distinctive growth characteristics of high-yielding dairy cows. Something is good, would rather spend high prices, but also must buy high-yielding dairy cows; the third is if you are a high-yielding dairy cows, we must adopt special feeding methods, feed in accordance with the standards of high-yielding dairy cows, and use measures to improve the level of breeding techniques to expand the economic effects of farming. . Therefore, we must master the characteristics of high-yielding dairy cows to provide a basis for strengthening feeding and management.
1. Body shape and appearance of high-yielding dairy cows
High-yielding dairy cows have obvious milk characteristics, with clear head, wide eyes, wide mouth, large nostrils, even breathing, fine neck, straight back, strong limbs, no lying, soft skin, and elasticity. Back hairy and lustrous, narrow in shape, wide in front, wide in abdomen, trapezoidal, breasts like a bathtub, extension and extension, compact attachment, thick milk veins, well-developed curves, well-integrated body parts, large and deep milk wells, and high body height 1.4 meters above body length 1.7 meters.
2. Feeding and rumination of high-producing dairy cows
High-yielding dairy cows had longer feeding and ruminating time than low-yield dairy cows, and had more rumen peristalsis. They chewed about 60 times per minute after rumination. Therefore, when arranging production, high-yield dairy cows should be provided with adequate rest time and comfortable environment to ensure normal rumination, otherwise they will disturb their digestive function, resulting in a decline in the milk production of dairy cows and adverse health consequences.
3. Drinking capacity of high-yielding cows
High-yielding dairy cows not only drink water for a long time, but also have a large amount of drinking water. The number of drinking cows is 50-70 kilograms per day per cow, with an average of 62.5 kilograms.
4. Rumen motility and digestion
The cow's rumen is generally fixed in contraction and movement, and the healthy cow's rumen shrinks 1-2 times per minute. This contraction can mix the feed in the rumen. The more the number of rumen peristalsis, the more active the digestive function, indicating that the burden on the digestive organs of dairy cows is heavier. High-yielding dairy cows have a limited number of protein biosynthesis in the rumen, and protein degradation in feed diets alone cannot meet the requirements for lactation, but must also provide sufficient rumen nondegradable protein. Such as Campbell biological agents, feed enzyme, over-tumor fatty acid calcium. Therefore, high-yielding dairy cows have higher physiological requirements than ordinary dairy cows.
5. Digestion and defecation of high-yielding cows
High-yielding dairy cows have large feed intake, high metabolism, and excrete large amounts of feces and urine daily. The transport and excretion of these wastes depends on the function of the circulatory system. High-yielding dairy cows have long defecation time, large fecal output, and relatively thin stools. Daily excretion is 38-49 kg, and urine output is 40-68 kg.
6. High-yielding dairy cows' nutritional transformation
High-yielding dairy cows can effectively digest and absorb the nutrients of various feeds. In the milk production process, the ability to feed nutrients to the mammary glands into milk is particularly high, while the low-yield cows have poor ability.
7. High milk cow milking speed
High-yielding dairy cows have looser nipples than low-yield cows, and milk discharge is faster. High-yield dairy cows produce 30-50% more milk per day than low-producing dairy cows, and therefore have longer milking times per day than low-yield dairy cows.
8. Neuroendocrine characteristics of high-producing cows
The high frequency of neuroendocrine activity of high-yielding cows, the reflection of pituitary secretion of prolactin is stronger, the milking time of cows is longer, the milk yield is high, and the milk production curve is stable.
9. Several biochemical indicators of high-yielding cows
The serum total protein, globulin content and blood glucose content of high-yield dairy cows were significantly higher than those of low-yield cows, and the differences were extremely significant.
10. Liver function of high-yielding cows
The liver is the largest gland of dairy cows and is an important metabolic organ. He is involved in the production of hormones, vitamins, and immune antibodies. The liver is a detoxifying organ, and the secreted bile is involved in the digestion and absorption of intestinal contents.
Practice has proved that high-yielding dairy cows will suffer from ketosis due to large amounts of concentrated feeds. Therefore, high-yield dairy cows should increase the proportion of roughage, and increase biological preparations in the pre-perinatal and post-perinatal period, which can effectively reduce liver functional load and achieve high-yield cow health. Steady production and longevity. High-yield dairy cows breathe faster and their heart beats are faster than low-yielding cows. The difference is significant; body temperature changes little, fully reflecting the high-yielding cows with strong body functions and strong metabolism.
The burden of high-producing dairy cows is very heavy. Therefore, in addition to producing a large quantity of high-quality milk, it must also have a healthy physical condition, a strong appetite, a well-developed digestive system, a lactating organ and a strong metabolic function. In addition, the following indicators should also be available: (1) High milk production, milk production during the lactation period should be between 7500 and 8500 kg, and milk production during the lactation period should be around 9,000 kg. (2) Good milk quality, milk fat rate 3.4-3.5%, milk protein rate 3.0-3.25%. (3) Normal reproductive function. (4) No metabolic disease.
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