Disinfection of fish with potassium permanganate can prevent and treat many fish diseases such as anchor head plague, ringworm disease, and third generation worm diseases, but potassium permanganate disinfection should be used with great care in well water fish farming areas. The iron content in the well water is relatively high, and it does not contact the air but exists as a divalent iron ion. Divalent iron ions are easily oxidized to the stable state of trivalent iron ions, eventually forming yellow-brown ferric hydroxide colloids. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant that can oxidize divalent iron ions to trivalent iron ions to form iron oxide precipitates. If it is disinfected with potassium permanganate, it reacts with divalent iron ions in the well water to form iron hydroxide. The iron hydroxide will precipitate a brownish film on the surimi as the fish breathes, preventing the fish from breathing and causing the fish to Suffocate death. Iron hydroxide also adsorbs on the surface of the fish, making it difficult for fish to move. In addition, the manganese dioxide produced by the reaction can be combined with protein into protein salt compounds, and high concentration of manganese dioxide has stimulatory and corrosive effects on the fish body.
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total alkalinity: prevent fluctuation in pH levels
Free Chlorine: Chlorine
may be present in tap water. It is harmful to fish, damaging their
gills and skin, and must not be introduced to the aquarium
pH: pH value between 6.5 and 8.5 will be tolerated by most freshwater fish species
Bromine: Keep your bromine levels on point and effective
Total hardness: prevent corrosion and scaling in your pool or spa
tatal chlorine: know exactly when to shock your water
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