Key points of artificial open-air cultivation techniques for Heshui powder
How to plant the water powder? Heshui powder Ge is a special product of Genghe Town, Gaoming District, Foshan City. The Heshui Powder Ge is divided into four varieties, Cangwu Powder Ge, Fine Leaf Powder Ge, Big Leaf Powder Ge, and Zige. The water-mixed powder has a high nutritional value and economic value, and the market prospect is relatively good. The artificial open-plant cultivation method is introduced as follows:
1 Choosing good seeds and breeding seedlings
1.1 breeding methods
1 seed nursery, also known as sexual reproduction seedlings.
2 asexual reproduction, that is, using the vine (vine) to raise seedlings. There are two methods for raising seedlings:
a. Pressed rattan seedlings: It is to use the vines that have been planted for more than five months to carry out the vine seedlings;
b. Cutting seedlings: It is to use the vines to insert seedlings.
1.2 nursery selection
The nursery land of P. chinensis should be selected from convenient transportation, leeward sun, high terrain, deep soil layer (above 30cm), loose and fertile soil, and convenient sandy soil for drainage and irrigation. Neutral soil is preferred. The seedlings are required to be concentrated and contiguous, and there is no shade around the seedlings, and there is no harm to livestock and poultry.
1.3 seedbed preparation
1 The whole land, the nursery land should be plowed and whitened, then the mud group is fully broken, weeding, and the farmhouse fertilizer or soil fertilizer is 1.5~2.5kg per square meter. After the kneading surface is flat, 2000 times 2.5% of the Shire solution, or 200 to 300 times of the agricultural anti-120 liquid solution can be used, and the amount is 0.067 hm 2 300 kg of water for soil disinfection;
2 畦, 畦 specifications: 畦 width 100 ~ 150cm, height 25 ~ 30cm, groove width 40cm, depth 40cm, mound built on the side of the raft, mound diameter 30cm, height 20cm, 畦 face is turtle shape. In the surrounding area of ​​the nursery, a drainage irrigation ditch with a depth of 40 to 45 cm and a width of 35 to 40 cm should be opened.
1.4 cold protection
The plastic film can be used to cover the cold. Use a piece of bamboo or small bamboo strip of about 200cm, insert it into an arch on the seedbed, insert one every 35cm, then cover the plastic transparent film and compact it with clods or other objects.
1.5 method of seed collection
1 Select plants that are olive-shaped, moderately sized, and have a light-colored slider root;
2 In the plants that are determined to be planted, the vines are selected to be moderately thick, the internodes are dense, the size is moderate, the disease-free, the insect-free mouth, the bud eyes are thick and full, and the part 50-150 cm from the head is used as seedlings;
3 too thick and too delicate rattan should not be kept.
1.6 seedling disinfection
1 soaking with warm water of about 50 ° C for 30 min;
2 soak for 5 minutes with 75% methyl thiophanate 500-700 times or 2.5% for 2000-3000 times, then rinse with water.
1.7 seedlings
After the selection of Kudzu, it is necessary to germination in time. The germination time of Pueraria lobata is best before and after the winter solstice. The germination method is to use the soil germination method, with 5 to 10 vines as a bundle, put it flat in the field, and then cover about 10cm of sandy loam. Water is kept moist.
1.8 seedlings
1 The nursery time should be between the Great Cold and the Spring, and the nursery should be selected in sunny weather with a temperature above 15 degrees;
2 The seedling method will select the vine, with a bud as a section, cut the vine into a small section of 6~8cm, and cut the vine to require the bud of the vine to be short and long, the ratio of the upper and lower sides is 1:6, and the incision must be flat. Then insert it slightly on the seedbed, the distance between the seedlings is 3cm×3cm, and the depth of the insertion is based on the Geye just flattened to the soil surface.
2 Planting on the ground
2.1 base fertilizer
When cultivating, the base fertilizer should be applied. The base fertilizer should be mainly based on ditch application. Each 0.067 hm 2 (mu) soil fertilization 1000 kg and 15-15-15 high-quality potassium sulphate compound fertilizer 50 kg, 20 to 30 cm away from the powder planting point. Ditch.
2.2 colonization
1 colonization time: generally before and after the lunar rainy season, select the temperature in the clear weather above 15 degrees for colonization;
The specifications of 2 planting: 400-500 plants per 0.067 hm 2 (mu), the plant spacing is 90-110 cm; 330 plants per 0.067 hm 2 (mu), the plant spacing is 100 cm;
3 The method of colonization is to insert the seedlings directly, and the depth of the insertion is based on the fact that the Ge buds are just attached to the ground, and the root water is poured after the insertion.
3 Field management
3.1 whole vine
It is necessary to promote the post-control principle. Generally, the shoots grown by the seed buds are used as the main vines. If the main vines are injured, the side branches which are separated from the top of the top should be selected as the main vines, and the side vines whose main vines are less than 150 cm in length are removed. The length of the main vine is more than 150cm, and the side vine is reserved.
3.2 introduction of vines
When the main vine grows 70 to 80 cm high, it is necessary to promptly introduce the vine. In the method of introducing vines, insert a tail with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm and a length of 250 to 300 cm (or other bamboo and wood strips) at a distance of 30 cm from the plant to carry out the vines, tie them, and guide the vines counterclockwise. The most suitable home for vines is carried out under clear and windless conditions.
3.3 first outcrop
When the main vine grows to about 200cm, it is the first outcrop, and the control head is enlarged. It is best to carry out the outcrop after the rain, and carefully excavate the soil of the head of the root with a farm implement, the depth is not more than 5cm.
3.4 block root
When the diameter of the canopy is 40 to 50 cm and the diameter of the root is about 1.5 cm, the roots of the roots are quickly excavated. The depth of the excavation method can be 1/3 of the root length, leaving 3 to 4 wells with good growth.
3.5 second outcrop
The purpose of the second outcrop is to make the method more aesthetically pleasing to the root shape. The time is from the root length to the diameter of 3 to 5 cm, and the depth of the bauxite is 2/3 of the root length. The root of the root surface is removed and immediately returned to the soil.
4 fertilizing watering
4.1 Topdressing principle
Mainly organic fertilizer, with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 30 days after planting, when Ge Miao grows to 20cm high, combined with the selection of main vines, 30kg of decomposed human excrement and 500kg of water are diluted and drenched every 7~10d until Ge Miao begins to be put on shelves. When Ge Miao was put on the shelf, 15 kg of potassium sulphate compound fertilizer with a content of 15-15-15 was applied per 0.067 hm 2 . In the middle and late June, combined with fixed roots, heavy application promoted the growth of fertilizer, promoted the expansion of roots, mainly based on decomposed organic fertilizer, 500 kg of poultry manure and 10 kg of active phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per 0.067 hm 2 .
4.2 Method of application
The position of fertilizer application is 30cm away from the main vine, not nearly 30cm, especially the use of organic fertilizer is more noticeable. In the early stage, it was mainly drenched or drenched, and the depth of ditching or opening was between 10 and 15 cm. In the later stage, it was mainly ditching or open-hole dry application, and the depth was between 15 and 20 cm. Mix well with the soil. It is applied to the middle position between the plants and the plants, and the position of each fertilization should not be repeated.
4.3 watering
The powder is not afraid of drought, and does not need to pour too much water during the growth process. Before the seedling grows 15cm, if the drought can be poured 1~3 times, the water is poured when the seedling is taken, and the day before and after the growth. Drought can be watered as appropriate.
5 Prevention and control of pests and diseases
5.1 rust
It mainly occurs in the growth and later stages of the powder. Control method:
1 Strengthen field management. Do a good job in the drainage of the field, avoid water accumulation from July to September, and at the same time apply more organic fertilizers and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
2 chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, spray 10% of the world's 1000 times liquid or 25% of the enemy's force to remove 3000 times. Spray once every 15 days, prevent and control 1 to 2 times, spray the spray on the back of the leaves;
3 Remove old leaves, diseased leaves, and residual leaves to reduce the probability of occurrence of disease in the field.
5.2 Fusarium
Long-term continuous cropping is prone to emergence of Fusarium oxysporum, which can be infected during the whole growth period of Pueraria. Control method:
1 seedling treatment. Avoid the use of pathogens of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp., and the selected powdered pueraria seedlings should be strictly disinfected, soaking seeds (or 3.5% of full-fledged gold) at a rate of 3,000 times with 2.5% of Shire for 20-30 min;
2 When the soil is disinfected, the quicklime of 150 to 200 kg can be applied;
3 Implement a strict rotation system. Rice and Ge rotation can reduce the occurrence of blight, and the cycle of rotation is preferably 3 to 5 years to reduce the infection of cross-pathogenic sources; In the early stage of the disease, the roots were irrigated with 2.5% of the 2000% solution or 200 times of the agricultural anti-120. Each plant was 0.025L, once every 7-10 days, and then irrigated 2 or 3 times.
5.3 Tianniu
The beetle has purple stems (golden cowboys), star beetles, and turtles, and is mainly composed of purple stems. Control method:
1 artificial capture of adults. In the sunny day of April to June, check the vines at noon and find that the adults should be killed in time;
2 eradicate eggs. Remove the eggs directly from the place where the gems are tumor-like;
3 chemical control. In the place where the gemen are tumor-like, the eggs are directly removed and injected with 500 times of trichlorfon.
5.4 Huang Shougua
Mainly divided into yellow foot yellow guard melon and black foot yellow guard melon. The prevention and treatment method is based on the prevention and control of biological pesticides, and can be sprayed with 25% of the vegetables and 1000 times.
5.5 Red spider prevention and treatment methods:
1 Implement rotation and reduce the number of insect sources;
2 Protect and utilize natural enemies. There are many natural enemies of red spider, such as predator, predatory thrips, grasshoppers, etc., which have obvious control effects on red spiders;
3 biological control, release predatory mites and so on.
The above is the high-yield cultivation techniques of Heshui powder Ge, and farmers who are interested in this variety can learn about cultivation techniques first!
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