The third and fourth generations of genetic sequencing are the trend: the ability to interpret downstream data needs to be developed.
Galaxy Securities lasted more than two months, and carried out an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the policy environment of the genetic sequencing industry, technology trends and business models and investment logic of the industry giants, and released the development trend and business model of gene sequencing - exploring precision medicine An in-depth research report on (1) of the series report. The core viewpoint is divided into five chapters, and this article is the second chapter.
The whole industry chain of gene sequencing is divided into the upstream sequencing instrument and reagent consumables market, the midstream genetic sequencing service market and the downstream bioinformatics analysis market. The middle and lower reaches of the market are targeted at groups including hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, and consumers. They can be divided into medical and non-medical fields.
The medical field can be divided into two sub-areas of the human genome and the human microbial genome. The main products for the human genome include oncology (diagnostic screening and treatment, targeted medication, accompanying diagnosis, etc.), fertility (non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, preimplantation detection, neonatal genetic disease screening, paternity testing, etc.), genetics Learn about disease and new drug research and development guidance. The relationship between human microbial genome and host health has also been valued. For example, in 2007 and 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the European Union launched the Human Microbiome Program (HMP) and the Human Intestinal Metagenomics Program (MetaHIT). The host's intestinal diseases, nervous system diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, obesity, and abdominal tumors can be detected by analyzing the human microbial genome.
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Figure 10. Gene sequencing industry chain and application
In the non-medical field, new methods for environmental pollution control, oil storage and geology research can be studied through environmental microbial genome research, and it can also be used for farming and animal husbandry breeding and forensic identification. This report focuses on the application of gene sequencing to the human genome in the medical field.
European and American companies monopolize sequencing instruments and consumables market
â– Second-generation sequencing is currently the mainstream sequencing technology, Illumina accounts for the largest market share
Sequencing technology is the core of sequencing instruments and has been developed for four generations to date. The main ones are the first three generations of sequencing technology: the first generation of sequencing technology, namely Sanger sequencing technology; the second generation of sequencing technology is today's mainstream technology, mainly Illumina's Solexa and HiSeq technology, Life Tech's Solid technology and Roche's 454 Technology; SMRT sequencing technology from the third generation of Pacific Biosciences. Fourth-generation sequencing technology is moving toward smaller volumes of sequencing instruments, such as the MinIon nanopore single-molecule sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore Technologies.
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Figure 11. History of sequencing technology
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