First, soil and fertilizer management
In soil management of apples and pears, cultivator loosening, weeding and intercropping are mainly conducted in summer. The cultivating loose soil is usually carried out in time after irrigation, 2-3 times a year, to keep the soil loose, prevent water evaporation, improve water and fertilizer utilization, enhance root activity, but also has the effect of improving soil structure. After the apple and pear are planted, the plants can be interplanted with dwarf yam, beans, melon vegetables and green manure crops, and the orchards with sufficient soil and water can intercrop into wheat and other crops to make full use of the land and increase economic returns. It is forbidden to intercrop corn and other high-stalked crops that require more fertilizer. In the growing season of apples and pears, in order to meet its growth and development, soil dressing and extra-root fertilizer are commonly used in summer. Urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium superphosphate, etc. can be used. In addition, ammonium phosphate is also used as compound fertilizer. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on. Soil dressing for the result tree is usually conducted 2-3 times a year, and it is suitable for flowering fruit setting period and fruit enlargement to flower bud differentiation period. Extra-root dressing is usually performed during flower bud differentiation to fruit expansion, 0.3% urea can be used. 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Apples and pears are generally irrigated with water three times a year, for the first time from flower bud differentiation to flowering at the end of April to early May, and the second time from mid-June to early July, shoot growth and fruit enlargement. The third time is In mid-September. Conditional orchards can be filled with water 4 times a year.
Second, trim
For 2-5-year-old saplings of apples and pears, in late April to early May, the branches and stand-up branches left by the winter shear should be treated with pulling branches and falling branches to make them horizontal, so as to improve sprouting. Rate, increase the amount of short branches. The results of the tree by topping, twisting tip, ring cut, ring grooving and other methods to deal with strong growth Wang Zhi, in order to inhibit its growth, promote secondary branches, increase the amount of branches, and promote its flowering.
Third, pest and disease control
Prevention and control of pests and diseases in orchards should adhere to the method of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control, and strengthen forecasting of pests and diseases. The diseases of apple and pear mainly include black shank disease, rot disease and black spot disease. The disease conditions are mostly high temperature and high humidity.
Control methods:
1 plus waterproof ring. Permeation irrigation method is used to avoid direct contact between water and rhizome to cut off the transmission route of pathogens. For the waterproof ring that was added last year, it is necessary to turn over the sun in order to reduce the incidence.
2 scraping skin. In the middle of May, the dead cortex and old cracks were scraped off in time, and then smeared with chlorothalonil or 843 remedies to facilitate the healing of the wound and cortex.
3 After spraying, 80% Mancozeb WP can be used 500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be sprayed 800 times, which can significantly improve the disease prevention effect of black shank.
The pests that injure apples and pears are mainly Pleurotus eryngii, P. syriacus, and T. chinensis. The stem borer is mainly harmful to flower buds, young leaves and young fruit. It can be controlled with 40% aqueous phosphatidylcholine 1200 times or 40% omethoate 1500 times liquid from mid-late April to early May; nymphs and adults The buds, leaves, and fresh shoots of fruit trees can be used to prevent and control the emergence of the first adult nymphs during the overwintering season, the first generation of nymphs after flowering, and the emergence of the first generation of adults within one month after flowering. 2000 times solution of iridoxamine or 80% phoxim EC 1000 times solution; pear yellow mealworms take sap from nymphs under subcutaneous skin tenderness, and later transfer to the fruit to damage, and when severe, the fruit surface has a heap Yellow powder, which is the adult, nymph and egg pile of the insect, will cause a lot of fruit rot, and can be sprayed with 40% Dimethoate 1500 times solution or 2.5% deltamethrin Emulsion 3000 times solution. .
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