Sequencing technology finds the chief culprit of catastrophic epidemics in the 16th century
January 16, 2018 Source: Science and Technology Daily
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A paper published online by the British journal Nature, Ecology and Evolution on the 14th said that researchers used the latest sequencing technology to successfully identify the genome of Salmonella enterica from the teeth of victims of Mexican epidemics in the 16th century. The chief culprit in a catastrophic epidemic in the 16th century may be Salmonella. Previously, it was almost impossible to identify pathogens from human remains.
It has been very difficult to determine the pathogens infected from human remains for a long time because most pathogens do not leave traces on the bones. This time, the research team of the Max Planck Institute for Human History and the Harvard University in the United States used a new type of identification technology called "MALT" to identify the DNA sequence of Salmonella from the teeth of 10 Mexican aborigines. . These people were buried in the cemetery of "Cocoliztli" (the "plague" in the Navat), dating back to the early contact between Europeans and locals. In the past, some scientists have based on the history of epidemiological symptoms, and it is a certain type of typhoid that caused the outbreak. The identification of Salmonella in the intestine (the bacteria causing typhoid fever) confirms this speculation.
The study revealed the first occurrence of Salmonella in the Americas, which may have spread from Europeans and caused catastrophic effects on the area. Because Mexican aborigines have never been exposed to Salmonella in the past (but are known to exist in medieval Europe), they are highly susceptible to infection, which explains why the mortality caused by the incident was extremely high.
Researchers say that in the centuries after the first contact between Europeans and Americans, a variety of diseases (such as smallpox, flu and measles) have been transmitted in a similar way. These diseases do not leave "criminal evidence" on the bones, which have left scientists nowhere to be pursued, but with the new technology MALT, it is expected to help people identify more pathogenic DNA viruses and bacterial pathogens in the future. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)
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