When sowing this autumn, droughts of varying degrees in various parts of our province have adversely affected the seedling growth of rapeseed. This requires farmers' friends to apply the basic fertilizer, cultivate strong seedlings, and timely transplant, and focus on the following: Measures to promote early rape seedlings before winter.
Miao Dingmiao
Rape to early seedlings, dilute Dingmiao, the principle is to stay thin and thin, stay weak strong, adjust the spacing between plants, to maintain uniformity. Generally divided into two seedlings, the first time when the first true leaf appears after the seedlings, the leaves do not overlap; the second time when the second true leaf occurs. 3 leaf stage Dingmiao. Seedling density depends on the sowing time, seedling age, and growth status of seedlings. A small seeding rate can only be used once. When the seedlings do five to five stay, that is, to weaken the seedlings, retain strong seedlings, go seedlings, leave large seedlings, to hybrid seedlings, leaving pure seedlings, to close seedlings, leaving uniform seedlings, diseased seedlings, leaving healthy seedlings. Remove weeds to ensure seedling growth. The less the seedlings are kept, the more seedlings there are; the more seedlings left, the less seedlings are stronger, and the weaker seedlings are more.
Fertilizer application
Early rape seedlings can be used to promote early growth and strong seedlings. Fertilization method should be based on the characteristics of seedlings need to gradually increase the amount of fertilizer, first light after the thick, from less to more, with mainly available nitrogen fertilizer. In dry regions and years, fertilization should be combined with water supply, that is, top dressing with water and fertilizer with water. The amount of fertilizer used at the seedling stage should be about 40% of the total amount of fertilizer. Based on the application of basal fertilizer, in addition to applying nitrogenous fertilizer twice, rapeseed should be applied once again; the live rapeseed should be followed by fertilizer once during the first seedling and after the seedlings are set. In the seedling stage, in addition to topdressing nitrogen fertilizers, attention should also be paid to the supply of phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorus deficiency can affect flower bud differentiation and root development in rapeseed. In addition, attention should be paid to the supply of boron fertilizers during seedling period. Rape is a sensitive crop that responds to boron. The lack of boron can cause rape to appear unreal, and even seedlings and dead seedlings appear. Double-low rapeseed is particularly sensitive to boron, and it should pay more attention to the topdressing of boron fertilizer. The method is to spray 100 kg of borax solution 0.1-0.2% per acre, spraying in sunny morning or early evening.
Drought resistant stains
China's winter rapeseed area is mostly arid in autumn and winter. When the relative humidity of the soil is lower than 70%, the lower leaves of red rape are red, the whole plant is dull green, or the noon leaves are wilting. At this time, irrigation should be carried out immediately and drought should be promoted early. When the drought is light, it can be combined with straw seedlings, with fertilizers to water drought. When the drought is heavy, furrow irrigation can be performed. The surface of the water is required to be slightly lower than the surface of the surface, so that the water will gradually infiltrate into the soil. When there is still a small amount of dry soil on the surface, the remaining water in the groove will be drained immediately. Irrigation times should be determined according to the seedling condition and soil texture: Sandy soils have poor water retention performance, leakage is more, and irrigation can be more appropriate; clay water retention performance is good, and can be less irrigation. Huanghuai winter rapeseed production area has to be filled with water 5 to 6 times in autumn and winter and after turning green. When flooding, avoid flooding and immersing in water for too long, so as to avoid flooding seedlings, soil compaction, affecting the root development, the formation of a frozen seedlings.
In areas and years where there is more autumn rain, attention should be paid to ditches. Lower the groundwater level to ensure that Sangou (xianggou, Zhonggou, Weigou) communicates with each other so that the rain will stay dry.
Rilled soil
The cultivating loose soil should master the principles of early pine and pine, and cooperate with fertilization and rooting. The time, number, and depth of cultivating loose soil should be based on the growth of rapeseed, soil conditions, climate characteristics, and weed growth. For live rapeseed, when 2 to 3 true leaves appear after the whole seedlings, the first cultivator is combined with the seedlings for the first cultivating, and when 4 to 5 true leaves are present, the second cultivator is combined with the Dingmiao topdressing, and then before the low temperature comes. Cultivate again. For transplanting rapeseed, the first cultivator should be used in combination with topdressing after the seedlings are returned to greening, and then cultivated one or two times before winter. In addition, after each irrigation and rainfall, the soil should be ploughed in a timely manner. The depth of the cultivator should be shallow and deep first, avoid excessive rooting, that is, shallow cultivator for the first time and deep cultivator for the second and third time. The cultivators in paddy field can be slightly deeper, and the medium ploughing in long rape fields should be appropriately deepened to cut off part of the root system and control the growth of the aboveground parts, so that the strong seedlings can become strong seedlings. In order to prevent freezing and moisturizing, it is generally not appropriate to carry out deep cultivating in severe winter. When cultivating loose soil, it is necessary to pay attention to the roots of cultivated earth to enhance the cold resistance of rapeseed.
Pest control
The main pests of rape seedlings include cabbage caterpillars, aphids, yellow striped hops, and rapeseed pods. The main diseases are virus disease, white rust, and downy mildew. Three days before transplanting, it is best to completely and completely prevent and treat once with pesticides, and destroy various pests in the seedbed.
Weed control
Weeds were treated with pre-split treatment and stem and leaf treatment. Three days after canola sowing, spray 60 kg of 60-70 ml of 76% Kimdor EC or 100 ml of 50% butachlor EC per mu. To prevent monocotyledonous weeds, in the 3 to 5 leaf stage of weeds, use 10.8% of high-efficient gaiseng EC to 30-40 ml of water and add 40 kg of water to evenly spray the liquid on weeds.
Timely control
The rape can be controlled in time after the 3-leaf stage, with 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 40-50 g water and 40 kg evenly sprayed per mu. Be careful not to arbitrarily increase the amount of medication, not heavy spray, no leakage spray. After applying paclobutrazol, the rhizome of the rapeseed was thickened, the leaves were thickened, and the photosynthesis was enhanced. It was beneficial to enhance the resistance to cold and stress of rapeseed.
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