1. Garden selection
For pineapple, it likes loose soil and good air permeability. The pH value is between 4.0 and 5.5. Note that pineapple should not be grown in neutral and alkaline soils.
2. Garden planning
(1) Shelter forest
Generally along the ridge selection, 2.1hm2 create a square green, reduce the wind damage, reduce soil erosion, increase the degree of air, is conducive to the growth of pineapple.
(2) Road
It should be considered in terms of ease of transportation, management, and mechanical operations.
(3) Drainage system
On the top of the hillside pineapple garden, it is necessary to open a landscape ditch with a depth of 1m and a width of 60-80cm to prevent rainwater flowing from the mountain to the pineapple garden. A 50-cm wide drainage ditch should be dug. The longitudinal drainage ditch should make use of the original longitudinal drain on the hillside. And try to keep the original vegetation on both sides.
3. The opening of the garden
Before the opening of the crop, the target area is calibrated, and then the tractor is used to push the local section flat, and then the tractor plows the plow twice, and the plow is about 40 cm deep. The deep plow is one of the basic measures for ensuring pineapple production increase. Preserve forests at the top of the mountain and protective forests in various sections. If the hill slope is steep, it is imperative to build terraces and maintain soil and water to ensure smooth pineapple production.
Second, pineapple colonization
Pineapple planting density
According to different varieties, natural conditions, planting and management conditions, the size of the slope to determine the planting density is an important part of improving the yield per unit area. With appropriate density, increase the number of plants per unit area, increase photosynthesis to increase leaf volume index, thereby increasing pineapple yield.
2. Planting methods
In the planting method, the section with larger slope adopts a single row of plants, the density is between 22,500 and 2,700 plants/hm2, the plant spacing is between 30 and 35 centimeters, and the row spacing is 120 centimeters. Usually, the wide row, narrow row and double row planting method is used, and the large row is generally 100 to 120 centimeters. 30-50cm, double-row plant can ensure the number of seedlings per unit area, but also can make the orchard airy and light, convenient operation and management, in the same number of plants and management of the same situation, double-row planting than single plant and three plant high yield.
Planting with mulching can also achieve higher yields. The width of the mulching film is 2m, so it is 2m wide. When planting, dig holes to plant pineapple seedlings according to the planned size of 30cm30cm.
3. Apply fertilizer
The use of basal fertilizer has a low cost and good effect. The plots that do not use basal fertilizer need to be topdressed once more, and they are not as high as the yield of the basal fertilizer. Generally, the manure fertilizer is 15,000 kg/hm2 plus superphosphate 750-1500 kg/hm2. The mixture is applied after the fertilization and is applied at the time of regrowth.
4. Colonization
The principle of planting pineapple is to plough the shallow species. When the soil is covered, it should not be buried in the place where the sprouts are opened. The seedlings can be classified and planted and planted according to varieties, buds, and seedlings in order to grow uniformly, be easy to manage, and have underground pests. In the plot, methacrylic acid was applied at the same time as basal fertilizer was added with 45 kg/hm2 or carbofuran. After 15 to 20 days after planting, it was necessary to make up the seedlings in order to ensure high yields.
Third, the management of orchards
Fertilize
Pineapple needs a lot of potassium, but it is better to add potassium fertilizer. Specific requirements, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is first heavy and light, potassium is first light and heavy, and phosphate fertilizer is applied as a basal fertilizer.
2. Orchard weeding
The newly planted pineapple garden will be weeding 3 to 5 times a year. Manual weeding will cost more labor. If chemical weeding is used, it will greatly increase the efficiency of investment.
3. In addition to buds, leaving buds
After the pineapple is budded, the crown buds, buds, sucking buds, and buds on the plants are successively extracted. If all are left, the growth of the fruit will be affected and the yield and growth of buds will be affected the following year. Therefore, the excess buds must be removed. , choose to leave the appropriate buds left for the next year's strain.
4. Application of Plant Growth Regulators
(1) urge flowers
When flowering, we must choose plants that grow well, have leaves that are 30cm long and 3.3cm wide, use concentrations 30010-6 to 50010-6 ethephon, and use 2% urea for better effect. 50mL, at the same time, at the low temperature, the same medicine, irrigation can be seen about 40d flower, at high temperatures, good lighting when 25 ~ 30d convulsions.
(2) promote fruit
Commonly used plant hormones to spray fruit, can increase the single fruit weight, make the fruit mature, the commonly used pharmaceuticals are sodium naphthalene acetate and 900, etc., spray 90% method is to use alcohol to dissolve the 90%, and then the water 225kg/hm2 , In the small flowers to open half or all of the flowers when the spray, naphthalene sodium acetate method is to use 1g sodium naphthyl acetate water 5kg, at the beginning of the flower blooming and late flowering spray or use 1g 90.2 + 3mL sodium naphthyl acetate.
(3) ripening
Spraying ethephon can promote early ripening of pineapples. When pineapples are ripe at seven, they can be sprayed with ethephon. After 10 to 15 days, the pericarp can turn yellow, and ripening fruit has loose meat, large acidity, and poor taste. At high temperatures and under conditions of long-distance trafficking, it can be sprayed and matured for 2 to 3 days before harvesting.
5. Control pests and diseases
The common diseases of pineapple planting are blight and heart rot. The phenomenon of blight is that the leaves become soft and drooping, and the leaf color is light green to red. Drug control can be sprayed with 500 times Dimethoate, and the diseased plants and soil can be sprayed, and the serious diseased plants can be completely excavated and burned out. Heart rot is mainly caused by the death of seedlings, rotten hearts, or accumulation of heat and stagnant water. The main control method is to spread seeds and seedlings and plant them in the sun for 7 days before they are planted. This disease is mainly caused by the diseases caused by pathogens and used for chemical control methods: Use carbendazim 25% or thiophanate-methyl 70% 1000 times to control the spray of water. Under strong sunlight, cover the pineapple with grass or newspaper to prevent the sun from spoiling the pineapple fruit.
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