There are three main methods for drying pastures: natural drying, artificial drying, and physical and chemical drying. The natural drying method does not require special equipment and is low in cost, but it is easily constrained by natural weather conditions, and it is labor-intensive and inefficient, and the quality of hay produced is poor. The artificial drying method is a method of using a certain drying equipment to modulate the hay. This method can overcome the dependence of the natural drying method on the weather conditions and reduce the influence of microorganisms, physiological processes, rain and branch breakage on the quality of hay. However, the cost of artificial drying is high. Physicochemical drying method is the use of physical and chemical substances added to the grass to speed up the method of drying grass. First, several methods of natural drying method (A) of the ground drying method will be harvested pasture in place or transported to the top of the relatively high dry place drying method of preparation of hay. Usually the harvested grass is dried for 4 hours to 6 hours to reduce the moisture to about 40%. The grass is continuously dried with a rake and the moisture is reduced to about 35%. The grass is integrated into the haystack with a lawnmower. The grass is loosely ventilated until the grass is completely dry. (b) Straw Drying Method In the more humid areas or seasons where there is more rain, the use of ground drying methods to modulate the grass will cause the hay to become brown, black, and moldy and rotten. Hay modulation can be performed on specially made grass stands. Hay racks include wooden stands, tripods, curtain sheds, wire racks, and activity racks. Drying on the rack can greatly improve the drying speed of pasture and ensure the quality of hay. When the rack is dry, the grass should be placed on the grass rack from top to bottom, and the thickness should be less than 70 cm and the fluffy and certain slope should be kept for the benefit of Lighting and drainage. (C) Fermentation drying method In places where the light is short, light is low, and where it is wet and rainy, it is difficult to use only the sun to make the hay, but it is necessary to use the heat of fermentation of the haystack to reduce the moisture to jointly complete the drying process of pasture. Fermentation drying method is to dry the harvested pasture first, to reduce the moisture to about 50%, and to compact the haystack layered by 3 to 5 meters in height, and the surface of the earthworm can be covered with soil or film. So that the grasshopper fever and the temperature in the two or three days, so that the temperature reaches 60 °C ~ 70 °C, then open the sun in sunny days, the grass will dry, when encountered continuous rainy days, you can maintain the temperature is not too high under the premise , And fermentation for a longer period of time, this method of drying the hay nutrient material loss. Second, the artificial drying of several methods (a) drying the use of electric fans, hair dryers and blowers on the haystack or grasshopper unheated drying method, normal temperature blast drying suitable for the forage harvesting day and night relative humidity Below 75% and temperature above 15°C. The air used for blowing in a particularly humid place can be properly heated to increase the drying speed. (B) high-temperature rapid drying Using a dryer to quickly evaporate the water of pasture, high moisture content of pasture in the dryer after a few minutes or a few seconds, the water will drop to 5% to 10%. This method of modulation of hay has little effect on the nutritional value and digestibility of herbage. However, higher investment is required and the cost of hay increases substantially. Third, the physical and chemical drying method using physical and chemical methods to speed up the drying process to reduce the loss of grass drying process, the current physical method is more commonly used fracturing grass stem drying method, the chemical method is a desiccant addition drying method. (A) fracturing grass stem drying method The length of the grass drying time depends on the time required for drying the stem, the leaf drying speed is much faster than the stem, the time required is short. Such as legume grass, when the leaf moisture is dry to 15% to 20%, the stem's moisture content is 35% to 40%. In order to keep the stems and leaves of pastures consistent and reduce the loss of the leaves during drying, the stem stalk crusher is often used to crush the stalks and eliminate the hindrance to moisture evaporation from the stratum corneum and vascular bundles of stalks. The rate of evaporation of water. Maximize the drying speed of the stem and the drying speed of the leaf. Fracturing stalks to dry pastures is 1/2 to 1/3 shorter than without fracturing. (2) Drying of Chemical Additives Some chemical substances are added or sprayed onto pasture, and then certain chemical reactions are performed to destroy the cuticle of pasture epidermis to accelerate the evaporation of moisture in the forage grass body and increase the drying speed. At present, more desiccants are mainly used potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, long-chain fatty acid esters. This method can not only reduce the loss of leaves during the drying process, but also improve the digestibility of hay nutrients. In order to prepare high-quality hay, it is necessary to select suitable drying methods according to local conditions during the drying of pasture. When choosing to use the natural drying method, you should master the climate change, select suitable weather conditions to dry the hay, and avoid the rainy weather as much as possible. With sufficient manpower, material resources, and financial resources, it is possible to start with small-scale artificial drying methods to gradually develop large-scale mechanized production and improve the quality of the prepared hay. No matter what kind of modulation method, it is necessary to minimize mechanical and human-made losses of grass nutrients. Specifically, during the process of hay preparation, due to a series of manual and mechanical operations such as cutting, turning grass, handling, stacking, and the like, the twigs and young leaves are inevitably broken and detached. Under normal circumstances, the loss of the leaves may be reached. 20% to 30%, the loss of shoots is about 6% to 10%. Therefore, in addition to selecting the appropriate harvesting period during the process of growing grass, turning and handling should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the loss caused by the mechanical action.
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