The large cherry is known as the "first branch of spring fruit". It is popular among consumers because of its early market, bright colors, rich nutrition and less pesticide residues. At present, due to its good market price, the enthusiasm of fruit farmers to plant large cherry is unprecedented.
The large cherry is known as the "first branch of spring fruit". It is popular among consumers because of its early market, bright colors, rich nutrition and less pesticide residues. At present, due to its good market price, the enthusiasm of fruit farmers to plant large cherry is unprecedented. Because of the high germination rate, low rate of branching, and easy occurrence of gum disease, the large cherry tree determines that its pruning is different from that of apple trees. Therefore, the correct application of large cherry pruning technology is particularly important for new planters.
1 trim indicator
The height of the tree should not exceed 80% of the row spacing, and the spacing between the rows should be 1~1.5m to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The inter-plant transfer rate should not exceed 10%, and the canopy coverage should not exceed 75%, ensuring good direct illumination of the lower branches and leaves ( 4 hours or more per day). The tree is balanced, the tree is stable, and the basic outline of the small and small is always maintained. The branches do not overlap, do not cross, are not opposite, do not rotate, are scattered, and the crown is evenly transmitted.
2 suitable tree shape
When the small crown is used, the row spacing of 3m4~5m is maintained, and 44~55 plants are planted per 667m. If free spindle shaping is used, the plant spacing should be 2.5 to 3 m4m, and 55 to 66 plants per 667 m.
2.1 small crown sparse layer shape
1) Tree structure. The main height is 50-60cm, with central leadership. The central leadership has 5 to 6 main branches, which are divided into two layers, with 3 main branches and 2 to 3 main branches. The first layer of the first branch is provided with 2 to 3 side branches, and when the second layer of the second layer is 2, each has 1 to 2 side branches, and when there are 3, the side branches are not matched. The main branch angle is 60. ~70. When the side branch angle is 70. ~80. The layer spacing is 1.2 to 1.5 m, the main branch spacing is about 30 cm, and the tree height is 3 to 3.5 m.
2) Plastic points. After planting, it is dried at 80-90cm, and there are more than 3 full buds under the cut. In the spring, 3 to 5 strong branches could be germinated. The Wangzhi branch with high position and upright growth was selected as the center, and then three new branches with reasonable distribution and large branching angle were selected as the main branches, and the remaining branches were used as auxiliary branches or cultured branches. If the number of main branches is insufficient, the second year of germination is carried out before germination to promote new shoots. If the fertilizer and water conditions are good and the plant grows vigorously, the new shoots can be picked up when the three new shoots grow to 40-50 cm. The new shoots can be selected as the first side shoots with good angle and good orientation. When the length is 20~30cm per year, the heart is topped, and after picking the heart, the sprout on the back is wiped off. The remaining branches on the center of the stem are selected to be cultured into the resulting branch group, and the topping is performed once every 20 cm or so, and the heart is picked 2 to 3 times a year. Auxiliary branches are used to take branches or pull branches to grow horizontally or sag. Each main branch should start pulling from 7 to 8 months to the proper angle. In the second year of spring bud germination, the middle dry extension head stays 60cm short, and the new shoots are selected in the direction of 2~3 for the second layer main branch culture, and the second layer main branch is from July to August. Pull the branches open. The new shoots of each main branch extension branch and the first year of the topping method continue to pick the heart and increase the amount of branches. For other new shoots up to 30 ~ 40cm, leaving 15cm long cut tips. The branches are twisted and the branches are drooped. At this point, the tree shaping is basically completed.
2.2 free slender spindle shape
1) Tree structure. The dry height is 50cm, the height of the tree is 2.5~3m, and the crown diameter is 1.5~2m. In the center of the center, regardless of the primary and secondary, evenly growing l0 ~ l5 lateral branches with similar forces and horizontal growth, the lower branches are slightly longer, the upper branches are slightly shorter, the whole tree is slender, the top of the tree is acute, and the entire canopy is Slender spindle shape.
2) Plastic points. Set at 80-100cm, freshly sprouted branches, select the strongest branch of the top part for the center, and the other branches for the side branches. The center of the stem grows 40~60cm each, leaving 20~40cm cutting tips for topping, repeating later. After 2 to 3 times, the side branches are pulled to the horizontal level, and when they are 50 cm long, the topping is performed in the same manner as the center. After the center picks up the heart, the new shoots and early growth branches that are germinated are pulled to the level, and the same as the new shoots that are germinated after picking the heart on each side branch. When the length is 20~30cm, the topping is taken, and about 10cm is taken, the last time. Topping can't be later than the end of August.
3 trimming method
3.1 Spring pruning is carried out after the sap flows until before germination. The 12-year-old sapling should be short-cut at the full bud, promoting long branches, paying attention to the selection of the backbone branches, and avoiding the retention of larger auxiliary branches within and below the plastic belt. The combination of carved buds and pull branches is used to promote branching and open the main branch angle. The 3-year-old tree has weak branches, and the middle and strong branches on the back and the sides are heavy and short, which promotes multiple branches. The branches with strong branches were lightly cut, the weak branches were slowly released, and the resulting branches were cultured. Enter the fruit trees in the fruiting period, remove and shrink the outer branches and result branches, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, carry out the cultivation and renewal of the resulting branches, adjust the ratio of branches and fruits, and prevent the intrinsic baldness and the result parts. Move outside.
3.2 Summer and autumn trimming will be carried out from mid-May to September. Mainly use smear, topping, cutting, pulling, taking branches, thinning branches and other means to control vegetative growth, ease tree potential, promote short branches, promote flower formation, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions.
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