In order to increase the hen production and reduce the rate of egg breakage, the supply of calcium should be checked during the laying period. Feed is the main factor that determines the quality of the shell and the strength of the shell. Tests have shown that the calcium deposition in the skeletal structure of the hens is enhanced in the first half of the opening month. Therefore, from the age of 4 months until the 5% egg production rate, the hens should be fed with a higher calcium-containing compound. It is generally believed that the optimum calcium levels in the hens' diets are between 3.2% and 3.5%, whereas in the case of high temperatures or high egg production rates (75%-80%), the calcium content can be added to 3.6%. -3.8%, adding 4% in the short term can make the eggshell thicker, but further increase the disadvantage of laying eggs, can not improve the quality of eggshell. Insufficient calcium in feed will promote feeding, resulting in excessive feed consumption, weight gain of hens, and more fatty deposits in the liver; supersaturated calcium in feeds will cause loss of appetite in chickens. When the ground is raised, several feeding troughs with coarse sand grains and crushed shells can be put in the chicken house for free feeding. In general, hens have sufficient calcium reserves for the formation of a few eggs in their bones. When sufficient calcium is not obtained from the feed, the eggshells will deteriorate, producing soft or shellless eggs and even quail. The longer the calcium in the bone is called to form the shell, the worse the shell strength. Hens feel calcium deficiency during the formation of eggshells at night. The calcium eaten by chickens during the first half of the day is absorbed through the alimentary canal, absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine, deposited in bones, and then used to form egg shells when necessary. Only calcium consumed in the latter half of the day was used directly to form egg shells. Therefore, it is best to replenish the hens with calcium at 12-20, so that when the hens freely eat calcium, they can adjust their own calcium. For example, during eggshell formation, calcium intake is normally 92%, and calcium intake during non-formation is only 68%. Hens with lower body weight and less feed should be given more calcium. Shells and stone powder are commonly used as the source of calcium. In the case of shells and stone powder in the diet of 2:1, the eggshell has the best strength. Chickens have the best absorption of animal-derived calcium sources, poor absorption of plant-derived calcium sources, and high-temperature-sterilized eggshells are the best sources of calcium.
In the experiment of hybrid chickens, when the shell-breaking rate of chickens at the age of 61 weeks reached 3.5%, the granular shell powder of 2% of total feed was added in the afternoon, the number of broken eggs was significantly reduced, the shells were smooth, and the average was 72 weeks old. The broken egg rate was only 1.59% and received good results. The proportions of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D?3 have an effect on the strength of the shell. Calcium is 3%-3.5%, phosphorus is 0.45%, and vitamin D-3 is the best 10-12 times of vitamin A standard. Calcium determines the brittleness of the eggshell, and phosphorus determines the elasticity of the eggshell. The lack of vitamin D?3 will destroy the balance of calcium in the body, resulting in defective shell formation. Generally, the eggshell quality of egg production is good at 14-17 points in the afternoon, and is mainly related to the prolonged interval between laying eggs and the chicken gets enough calcium supplement.
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