Large flower type geranium 'coral', 'ice hole', 'scenery' plant height of 30 to 40cm, flower ball round and large, group planting effect, fewer diseases and insect pests, is a good material for landscape applications. This type of geranium is a European flower selection contest winning variety.
Growth habit
Hi cold climate, the suitable growth temperature is 5 °C ~ 25 °C, plants in the summer high temperature period into a semi-dormant state, winter cold regions can do a little protection can winter. Hi light adequate environment, resistant to dry, avoid water wet, require cultivation matrix loose and well drained, rich in organic matter.
The end of winter to early spring sowing, flowering throughout the summer. Sowing in late summer, winter temperatures above 5 °C can bloom in the spring.
Seeding method
When the seeds germinate, they are protected from light and sowing is required to cover 3 to 5 mm thick substrates or 2 to 4 mm thick coarse vermiculite. 128 holes can be used for sowing. The substrate is made of imported peat, and 10% of large perlite with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm is added to keep the medium moisture, not to be too wet, and to sprout in 5 to 10 days.
Nursery management
The nursery cycle is 5 to 6 weeks in 4 phases. The first stage, from sowing to radicle emergence; the second stage, from the emergence of radicles to cotyledon extension, germination is completed and grow a true leaf. After emergence, it is necessary to reduce the humidity of the substrate and facilitate the development of the root system. In the third stage, a true leaf emerged and began to grow to reach the transplanting standard. The fourth stage is to prepare for transplantation or storage. The first stage of germination temperature is 21 °C ~ 24 °C, takes 3 to 5 days, the substrate should be moderately moist. The second stage temperature is 21 °C ~ 24 °C, can be fertilized once a week, N: P: K is 15: 0: 15 and 20: 10: 20 fertilizers alternately, the concentration is 50 ~ 75ppm, takes 5 to 10 days The medium is wet. The third stage temperature is 18 °C ~ 21 °C, fertilizer concentration of 100 ~ 150ppm, 2 times a week applied fertilizer, need 14 to 21 days, basically reached the four-leaf as one. The fourth stage temperature is 17 °C ~ 18 °C, takes 7 days, fertilization concentration with the third stage, and then can be planted into 14cm12cm pots.
The pH of the pH water is adjusted to be slightly acidic, preferably from 5.5 to 6.5, and the pH of the substrate is preferably from 6.2 to 6.5.
During the whole growing period, the substrate temperature should not be lower than 18°C, and the temperature is too low to hinder the growth and development of the seedlings.
After germination, seedlings should receive light quickly to prevent leggy growth. Daily light can be maintained for 16 to 18 hours during the nursery period for a period of 4 weeks with light intensity of 3200 to 5400 lux. Pelargonium hi light, the more light, the growth coating? Jiao Jiao? Fertilizer fertilizer for the United States imported Miwo, N: P: K is 20: 10: 20, to obtain 100ppm of fertilizer should be added 0.5g per liter of water the fertilizer, Other concentrations are adjusted accordingly. If Mivo N:P:K is 15:0:15, to obtain 100 ppm of fertilizer, 0.67 g of this fertilizer should be added per litre of water. Other concentrations are adjusted accordingly.
Moisture maintains the medium wet condition of the matrix and maintains the matrix in a dry state between waterings while maintaining low air humidity to reduce disease occurrence. If the concentration of chlorine in the matrix exceeds 1 ppm, the cotyledons may be poisoned and immature leaves may be produced. Care should be taken to avoid the use of tap water with excessive chlorine.
The pest control cotyledon was sprayed with 1000 times liquid chlorothalonil or thiophanate-methyl per week, and it was sprayed 2-3 times consecutively.
Seedling management
The upper basin base can be mixed with peat and garden soil in a ratio of 1:1. It is better to add a certain amount of organic fertilizer. Immediately after planting, thiophanate-methyl 1000-time solution was applied to prevent root rot. It is also possible to make the plant plump without cultivation.
Illumination maintains a full-day growing environment, making it grow well and flowering as early as possible; using geranium flowering requires the accumulation of a certain degree of light, the light can be adjusted to adjust the flowering period, the specific operation must be based on the actual growth of the plant.
Temperature Geranium like cool environment, afraid of high temperature, growth temperature is suitable for 5 °C ~ 25 °C, the spring is most suitable for growth. In autumn and winter cultivation, the night temperature is not lower than 5°C. Therefore, in the north, geranium needs to be protected by greenhouses or greenhouses, otherwise it is prone to frost damage. In winter, the indoor temperature is not lower than 10°C during the day and it is not less than 5°C at night. The southern summer weather is hot, geranium growth is in a semi-dormant state, and flowering is poor. During this period, the temperature must be properly reduced to below 30°C to make it safer over the summer. When the temperature falls in the autumn, supply enough water and fertilizer to branch and flower. The leaves of geranium are of high ornamental value. The leaves of yellow leaves and the broken flowers opened at any time are removed and topdressed at the right time, which promotes the second flowering and prolongs the viewing period.
Maintains the medium wet state of the matrix during moisture growth. Geranium is not tolerant to water and moisture, requiring good ventilation of the cultivated substrate, otherwise the ratio of rhizomes is easily misaligned. Excessive moisture is prone to root rot and gray mold caused by fungi; however, the cultivation of the substrate should not be too dry, otherwise it will cause accumulation of salt around the roots and cause burning. When the substrate is too dry, the lower leaves of the plants often turn pale red to yellow. Geranium stems and leaves are pilose, fertilizer and water should be avoided when the leaves are contaminated with fertilizer. After fertilizing, wash the leaves with water and dry them.
Seven days after fertilization, 600 times of N:P∶K compound fertilizer at 15:20:20 can be applied every 7 to 10 days. Potassium, calcium nitrate, and phosphorus-based fertilizers are used during the growth process. Geranium is very sensitive to ammonium, and the concentration of this fertilizer should not exceed 10ppm. However, in warm areas, the light is strong. It may be necessary to apply N:P∶K of 20:10:20 to spread the leaves and color well.
Disease prevention and treatment
(1) Gray mold
a. Main symptoms: mainly damage leaves and flowers. Vein veins are born with a "V"-shaped lesion, with round to irregular water-stained yellow-brown to dark brown ring vein spots appearing on the veins. The lesions sometimes give off a gray-white mildew layer. The disease occurred as faded spots on the petals, irregular, initially sparse gray mold, sunny weather or dry gray mold shrink, wet again when the twins, the flowers turn dark red to dark brown.
b. Control methods: Pay attention to the air and light in the cultivation place, and the humidity should not be too high. At the beginning of the disease, the whole plant was sprayed with 50% acetaminophen 1000 times fluid or 28% gray mold 800 to 1000 times liquid.
(2) Brown Blight
a. The main symptoms: Mostly occur on the leaves, round, nearly round to irregular lesions, lesions are light brown or gray-white to reddish-brown, with dark brown edges. The lesions on the back of the leaves were slightly convex, and the yellow haloes on the outer edges of the plaques were obvious. The lesions often merged into larger dead spots. Eventually, black and white molds were produced on both sides.
b. Control methods: keep the cultivation place ventilation and light, the plant dormancy should control the fertilizer and water, should not be used excessively. In the early stage of disease, 75% thiophanate-methyl 800 to 1000 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times or 25% benomyl 1000 times, spraying the whole plant once every 10 days or so, continuously controlling 2 to 3 times .
(3) Bacterial leaf spot
a. Main symptoms: watery, leaf-like, round to irregular, pitted spots, dark brown to black-brown, less fused lesions, later sick leaves, wilting, curling on stems, and sometimes lesions on leaf margins. Large necrotic spots. Dark spots appear on the stems, while the vascular bundle and pith darken, and the plants wilted and decayed.
b. Control methods: Watering and fertilizing as much as possible to avoid the substrate splash on the stems and leaves, control the substrate and air humidity not too high. Chemical control can be used to spray 53.8% of 2000 dry suspension 1000 times or 72% of agricultural streptomycin 2000 times.
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