In the growing process of over-summer stubble vegetables, many vegetable farmers have encountered the phenomenon of vegetable fruit deformity. Abnormally shaped vegetables are not good-looking, and some may also change their flavor, greatly reducing the economic and edible value of vegetables.
Cause of deformity
Poorly differentiated flower buds. The flower bud differentiation stage encountered environmental factors such as unsuitable temperature, insufficient water supply, and insufficient continuous rain and light, resulting in obstacles to flower bud differentiation. After the flower buds were formed, they were in a deformed state, and the fruit produced was deformed; or during the pollination and fertilization process Encountered the above unfavorable factors, which resulted in poor pollination and fertilization, and finally formed abnormal flowers or fruits.
Root injury or dysplasia. When the root system of melon crop plants is poorly developed, nutrient absorption is inhibited, plant resistance is reduced, leaf growth is poor, photosynthetic products and absorbed nutrients cannot be transported into melon sticks very well, which is likely to cause melon sticks to be deformed and hollow.
Lack of calcium and boron fertilizers. As long as it is a fruit-bearing vegetable, a lot of calcium fertilizer is needed during the fruiting period. Therefore, if the calcium-boron fertilizer of the melon vegetable is lacking, it will also cause the melon stick to be hollow and bitter.
Too much nitrogen fertilizer application. The multi-ventricular giant deformed fruit in tomatoes is generally caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer application during the cultivation process, resulting in excessive differentiation of flower buds and an increase in the number of ventricles.
Temperature and light conditions are not suitable. Especially in the summer, when the temperature is high, some crops that enter the flowering and fruiting period under the shade net will appear flower and fruit coking and fruit malformation due to the lack of light for a long time. Winter temperatures are low, and if crops are continuously affected by low temperature, deformed fruits will also appear.
Improper use of plant growth regulators. In order to achieve the effect of preserving flowers and fruits, too much plant growth regulators such as 2,4-D or anti-falling factors are used in the production process of tomatoes, but the concentration of the agents during the use is too large, the dipping time is not selected properly, and the temperature is inappropriate , Repeated dipping of flowers and other factors are likely to form deformed fruit.
Causes of pests and diseases. The main cause of deformed flowers and fruits is viral disease. Tomatoes, zucchini, cucumbers, bitter gourds and other vegetables are more seriously affected by viral diseases, often causing a large number of deformed flowers and fruits.
Precaution
Do a good job in the management of seedling stage, ensure the normal differentiation of flower buds, and ensure appropriate nursery conditions. During nursery, controlling the proper nursery conditions is the key to preventing deformed fruit. One is to cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age. The second is to control the temperature and use of fertilizers after the seedlings are unearthed. In production, the crops should be protected from low-temperature refining and multi-nitrogen fertilizer cultivation beyond the tolerance of low temperatures.
Seedling management. According to the temperature requirements of different crops, control the field temperature to prevent the impact of low temperature or high temperature for a long time.
Control the use of nitrogen fertilizers to prevent excessive growth of nutrients. At the same time, pay attention to supplementing trace elements in boron and calcium, apply organic water-soluble fertilizers, maintain root systems, and cultivate healthy plants.
Appropriate watering to avoid drastic changes in moisture in the soil. The root is the main organ that absorbs mineral nutrients. The strength of the root's absorption capacity also determines the level of nutrient supply.
Make flowers and fruits in a timely manner. For example, for tomato, the number of normal flower bud sepals is 5~7, and those with more than 9 sepals are deformed flowers, which should be removed in time.
Reasonable use of plant growth regulators (taking tomatoes as an example) and proper and proper use of growth regulators dipped in flowers can effectively reduce the occurrence of malformed fruits of tomatoes.
Choose a suitable concentration. According to the growth of the plant, the temperature when dipping the flowers, a reasonable ratio. In general, when the temperature is high, the concentration is low, and when the temperature is low, the concentration is suitably high; when the plant growth is strong, the concentration is suitably high, and when the plant growth is weak, the concentration is suitably low.
Choose the appropriate period and time period. The general choice is that the petals of the second flower and the third flower of a spike flower are fully open, and when they extend to the trumpet, it is appropriate to point the flower. If the flower is too early, it will easily form a stiff fruit. It is best to choose to start flowering on a sunny morning when there are no water droplets on the leaves.
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