High quality cultivation techniques for rice
It’s time for farmers’ friends to grow rice. How do you grow high-yielding rice? Huinong School to tell everyone how to cultivate high quality rice.
1, breeding
1.1 Basic requirements for seedling cultivation It is the basic requirement for seedling raising rice seedlings that are suitable for ageing, tidy and disease-free. The seedlings generally refer to the seedlings transplanted during the 3-leaf period. The medium seedlings generally refer to the seedlings transplanted within 3.0-4.5 leaves. The large seedlings generally refer to the seedlings transplanted from 4.5 to 6.5 leaves. The sturdy scorpion is wide and flat, the leaves are green and yellow, the roots are white, the plants are short and healthy, and the age is suitable. The strong buds above 4 leaves should grow tiller, neat and disease-free.
1.2 The main ways of seedling According to the water management method can be divided into water seedlings, moist seedlings and dry seedlings. According to the temperature management status, it can be divided into open seedling, heat preservation and warming and seedling raising.
1.3 The basic links of nursery The basic aspects of nursery include determining the sowing date, making the bed, preparing the nutrient soil, doing the seed treatment, pouring the bottom water, sowing, pesticides and covering.
3.0-3.5 leaf saplings inserted in rice seeding trays are 80-100 g per plate, and 3.5-4.0 leaf saplings in trays are 60-80 g per plate; ordinary dry-growing seedlings are 4.0-4.7 leaf saplings per square meter. 300 g, 4.7 ~ 5.5 leaf seedlings 150 ~ 200 g per square meter, 5.5 ~ 6.5 leaf seedlings 100 ~ 150 g per square meter.
1.4 Seedling management The management before emergence is mainly to keep warm, and to remove the mulch in time after emergence. One leaf and one heart period, 1000-1500 times of nursery solution is used to control the blight. If there is weed on the bed surface, use 12-15 g of enemies every 10 m2 and spray 0.5 kg of water. Two leaves start to look at the warming seedlings, the temperature is controlled at 25 °C ~ 30 °C, and the latter is about 25 °C. When the field water holding capacity reaches 75%, it should be watered in time. The grafting fertilizer was chased 5 to 7 days before transplanting, and the 1000-fold dimethoate solution was sprayed to control the leaf miner.
2, soil preparation and transplanting
2.1 Soil requirements and soil preparation The appropriate amount of organic matter in fertile paddy soil is 20-40 g/kg, total nitrogen is 1.3-2.3 g/kg, and total phosphorus and total potassium are above 1.0 g/kg and 15 g/kg, respectively. At the same time, it also has a good supply of nutrients. Land preparation includes cultivated land, depression and depression.
2.2 Suitable transplanting Transplanting includes transplanting, throwing and raking. The first is to transplant at a proper time, pay attention to local temperature changes, and transplant at a suitable time. And improve the quality of transplanting, shallow insertion without leaking holes, no drifting, less plant damage, even planting.
2.3 Reasonable thinning At present, the basic number of seedlings per square meter is generally 50-100. The line spacing is 30 cm and the hole spacing is 10 to 17 cm. The number of seedlings per hole is generally 3 to 5 strains.
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3. Rice nutrition and fertilization
3.1 Rice Fertilizer Regulations For every 500 kg of rice, about 8.1 to 12.65 kg of nitrogen are absorbed from the soil, 3.8 to 5.75 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 10.6 to 15.05 kg of potassium oxide.
3.2 Fertilization performance of paddy fields The application of nitrogen fertilizer in rice has the greatest effect on yield increase, followed by phosphorus and potassium. In many places, rice is applied with silicon fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, and the yield increase effect is also very obvious.
3.3 Fertilization techniques
3.3.1 Applying the base fertilizer The farmyard manure is applied every 3 to 5 years, the quantity is 15-20 t/hm2, and 50%-60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and the rest is reserved for topdressing and phosphate fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer is generally applied, and some can be left at the jointing stage.
3.3.2 Early application of manure fertilizer Early application of tillering fertilizer after returning to green can promote the occurrence of low tillering, and the effect of increasing earing is obvious. After re-greening, the dosage is about 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and the fertilization is applied once in the peak season, and the total nitrogen is about 10%.
3.3.3 Applying the ear and grain fertilizer to apply the ear grain fertilizer, so that the nitrogen fertilizer in the middle and late stages accounts for less than 10% of the nitrogen fertilizer, and when the rice field is finished with the 2 leaves, the flag leaf is slightly longer, and the small group is in the Spike differentiation before application. The grain fertilizer is applied from the booting stage to the heading stage.
4. Rice field water and irrigation
4.1 Characteristics of rice water demand Rice needs water as physiological water demand and ecological water demand. Sufficient water is conducive to the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility, promote or control the growth and development of rice, and also play a role in the herbicidal effect of many herbicides and the action of salt and alkali.
4.2 Rice field irrigation quota Rice field irrigation quota = (rice water requirement - effective precipitation) + land preparation water consumption
Northern rice irrigation is 7500-15000 m3 per hectare.
4.3 Paddy field irrigation and drainage technology
4.3.1 Intermittent irrigation method for irrigation and drainage; shallow and wet irrigation method; irrigation method with long drought in the early stage and water retention in the middle and late period.
4.3.2 Irrigation method
Tillering period: the normal soil should maintain 3~5 cm water layer within two weeks after transplanting, and the saline-alkaline soil should maintain 5~7 cm water layer; after entering the tillering stage, shallow water, but wait until there is water or foot in the field. When the water is water, the water is re-irrigated; the tiller is close to the predetermined number of panicles, and the field is started to dry, the root system is deep, the base is shorter, and the leaves are erect.
Long-earing stage: This is a period in which rice is sensitive to water during its lifetime, but it is also a period in which pests and diseases are likely to occur and become popular.
Fruiting period: generally 3 to 5 cm shallow water.
In general, the soil with poor water retention should be alternately shallow and wet, that is, shallow water of 3 to 5 cm, with a short irrigation period; soil with good water retention and long irrigation period.
5, pest control
5.1 Weeding in paddy fields Valerian is one of the most widely distributed weeds that are most harmful to rice. In addition to the sedge of 5 to 7 days after transplanting, Honda's herbicide is usually made of butachlor 3000 g/hm2, and 200 g/hm2 of turf, and 150-200 kg of fine sand is made into toxic soil. Sprinkle into the field and then keep the water layer for 5-7 days.
5.2 Main pest control The disease includes blight, bacterial wilt, Honda rice blast, sheath blight, and mite, and the pests are rice leaf roller, sticky insect, and leaf miner.
First, varieties with strong resistance to pests and diseases should be selected.
Second, use reasonable cultivation measures, such as using dry seedlings, dilute sowing, thinning, applying phosphorus, potassium, silicon fertilizer, shallow wet and dry combined irrigation methods to cultivate rice.
Third, do a good job in quarantine.
Fourth, make predictions.
6. Prevention of low temperature chilling damage
In the vegetative growth period of rice, the phenomenon of low temperature chilling injury, causing a significant delay in the growth period and causing a reduction in production is called delayed chilling. Obstacle-type chilling injury is a chilling injury in rice reproductive growth period. This chilling injury is mainly caused by continuous low temperature of rice during the panicle differentiation stage or the panicle flowering stage, which hinders the normal development of pollen grains and normal fertilization and firmness, forming a large number of empty The shell, the so-called "tilt-ear" phenomenon that causes the head to not bend when mature, often causes the rice to be greatly reduced or even the particles are not harvested.
7, harvest
After the rice is yellow, it can be harvested.
The above is the high quality cultivation technology of rice, for your reference, and hope to help you. Huinong School has more relevant agricultural technology knowledge. Continue to pay attention to Huinong School to answer questions during planting or breeding.
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