Choose high quality eggs
Eggs must come from an excellent and healthy bird population. When selecting eggs, thin shell eggs, sand shell eggs, preserved eggs, and eggs that are too big, too small, too flat, too round, and have too large a contaminated area are picked out. Eggs that have just been produced should not be immediately hatched and should be stored for more than 24 hours, but it is best not to exceed 6 days. The temperature for storage should be 15°C. If the shelf life is longer than 6 days, the temperature should be reduced. The relative humidity of the preserved eggs should be 70% to 80%, and the storage room should be ventilated. When the eggs are kept, they should head down and flip once a day.
Under natural breeding conditions, ostrich eggs are often contaminated with dirt and faeces after they fall to the ground. After multiple treatments such as washing and disinfection, the contaminated bird eggs are inevitably infected by bacteria. During the hatching process, mid-advanced and late egg-laying chicks often die. The emergence of "fried eggs" caused the entire box of eggs to be infected and scrapped, causing unnecessary economic losses to the farm. It was observed that multiple bacterial spots appeared in the contaminated bird eggs during the middle of the incubation period, and the egg eggs in the later hatching stage were infected due to bacterial infection, and their egg temperature increased and resulted in death. For example, during the incubation process, it was found that some bird eggs had a sudden weightlessness increase at a later stage. After the dissection, the chicks died of dryness, which is a typical bacterial infection. Experiments have shown that if the “artificial egg handling†is carried out, the rate of receiving eggs is above 85%, hatching outbreak rate is 20% higher than in the past, and the ostrich production period should be prepared with fumigated plastic bags or clean towels before they are opened. The ostriches are observed during the term. In general, the first 10 days or so, the male bird helps the female bird to “arrest†in the circle. The female bird often circles around the pit and the redness of the nostrils. Ostrichs usually lay eggs at about 2 to 7 o'clock in the afternoon. If they find that the amount of food consumed by the female bird is reduced, and the anxiety in the circle moves around, the breeder should wash the hands with disinfectant and prepare plastic bags or towels. Waiting for the ostrich is not easy to find. Place to observe.
About 2 minutes before laying eggs, the female bird will squat, mouth mucus, flapping wings, and tremors will begin to produce eggs. At this point, the breeder should immediately swiftly pass over, holding the towel to pick up the other hand and gently lifting the bird's tail feathers to prevent the tail feather from contaminating the bird's egg. When the egg is picked up, the person must kneel to prevent the male from attacking the bird. The next egg is clean and moist, and the breeder must send it to the egg fumigation room in time.
Create an incubation environment
temperature. When the room temperature is 18 °C ~ 25 °C, such as the use of constant temperature incubation method, the incubation temperature is best controlled at 37 °C. As the room temperature increases, the incubation temperature can be appropriately reduced. Variable temperature incubation can also be used to divide the incubation period into the early, middle and late stages. The temperature can be controlled to 36.5°C, 36°C, and 35.5°C, respectively. The relative humidity is 22%, 23% and 25% respectively. Eggs can be hatched in three grades: large, medium, small or heavy, medium and light, which can increase the hatching rate and the rate of hatching.
humidity. For the constant temperature incubation method, the pre-incubation humidity can be controlled at 20% to 25%, and the humidity of the incubating machine should be relatively increased, usually 30% to 40%, and the relatively high humidity at the later stage is favorable for the pupae of the chicks.
Ventilate and cool eggs. Embryo development requires fresh air and sufficient oxygen, carbon dioxide and various harmful gases should not exceed the standard. Therefore, regular ventilation should be performed. The ostrich eggs have a larger volume and thicker shells. In particular, there are more heat production in the later period. Attention should be paid to cool eggs.
Pay attention to balanced nutrition
The nutritional level of ostriches is the basic factor affecting the hatching rate. The requirement for metabolic energy in the ostrich breeding period is 11.3 kJ/kg, crude fat should be limited to 6% to 8%, protein is 18% to 24%, and attention should be paid to The supply of several amino acids, arginine 1.04%, lysine 0.86%, methionine + cystine 0.73%, phenylalanine 0.95%, proline 1.02%; crude fiber content of 10%, calcium 4% ～ 4.5%, available phosphorus 0.4%, sodium 0.3%, magnesium 0.25%, vitamin E is 80 IU per kg.
At the same time, attention should be paid to the quality of green feed, and appropriate supplementation of pantothenic acid and other trace elements. According to studies, adult ostriches in the breeding season, the nutritional content of the diet fed is low-energy, high-protein, high-fiber, and use meat and bone meal, blood meal instead of fish meal, you can get a higher hatching rate.
Strict disinfection procedures
Storage room. Wipe the floor with disinfectant once every 2 days, thoroughly clean and sterilize every 2 weeks, and fumigate with formalin solution.
Eggs. When the ostriches lay eggs, the breeder must use sterile gauze to catch them and then send them to the incubator for disinfection. The disinfection dose is 37% formalin, 42 ml, and 21 g potassium permanganate for 30 minutes. If not, wipe the surface dirt with a gauze soaked in disinfectant and immediately send it to the incubator for disinfection. Before incubating, soak for 20-30 seconds with a disinfectant (temperature not exceeding 40°C), then dry the eggs with a sterile dry gauze and incubate.
Strengthen growth management
Brooding period
Most of the floor mats are used for raising the floor, and the litter requires softness and strong moisture absorption. From 1 to 6 weeks of age, 5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 were raised per square meter respectively, and they continued to decrease with age. The temperature, humidity, light and ventilation of the brooding house are similar to those of ordinary young birds. In addition, set up a sports field, which is 3 to 5 times the size of the brooding house, so that young ostriches can exercise.
During brooding, balanced feeds must be used, supplemented with high-quality fibrous feeds such as alfalfa. At the first week of age, high-protein diets can cause leg problems. 1 to 12 weeks old chicks using young material or crushed material, dietary nutrition levels should contain 21% to 22% of crude protein, metabolic energy 12180 joules / kg, crude fiber 4%, calcium 0.9% ~ 1%, available phosphorus 0.5 %. The diet should have enough high-quality grass powder, accounting for more than 10% of the compound feed, and 2/3 of the compound feed plus 1/3 of the high-quality forage grasses such as valerian. Each unit of body weight concentrate accounts for 90% of the entire diet, high-quality fiber powder is 10%, or concentrated feed is 60%, and high-quality green feed is 40%. After 4 months of age, ostriches usually eat natural plants. With the increase of the age of young ostriches, the feed utilization rate is reduced, and the powder material can be changed into pellets. Therefore, adult ostriches still need to supply 1 to 2 kg of concentrate every day.
Growth period
Ostriches from the age of 12 weeks till the start of egg production or slaughter is the breeding period. During this period, the growth and development of the ostriches is strong. The grain form is best to be pellets (maximum particle size is 10 mm), and the ostriches are free to grazing or feed. Roughage. The consumption of concentrates should not exceed 1.5 kg per day and vary depending on the season and the nature of the plants being eaten.
The diet should contain 15% to 16.5% of crude protein, 11550 tons of coke energy per kilogram, 6% crude fiber, 0.9% to 1% calcium, and 0.5% available phosphorus. Feeding methods can be kept in captivity, but they can also be grazing and feeding, so that ostriches can freely feed or eat green feed. Pellet feed accounts for 30%, and high-quality fresh herbage accounts for 70%. Grazing on high-quality grassland can make no or less supplementary feed.
Egg production period
Artificially reared ostriches have regular activities on a daily basis and therefore should be fed regularly and quantitatively according to their life patterns. Every morning when the sun shines, the ostriches run around the side nets on the playground and run for 15 to 20 minutes before mating and feeding. Therefore, the first feeding time is appropriate from 6:30 to 7:30. Feed 4 times a day, with each feeding being as equal as possible. The feeding sequence can be followed by coarsening and finishing, and the concentrate can also be fed together with green feed. The amount of concentrate feed is generally controlled at about 1.5 kilograms per kilogram so as to prevent excessive production and reduce egg production or stop production.
The ostriches start their production at 30 months of age. At this time, a small group of males and females should be kept in a small group to breed and produce eggs at a ratio of 1:2 to 1:3. Dietary nutrition was 18% for crude protein, 116,000 joules/kg for metabolic energy, 6% for crude fiber, 4% to 4.5% for calcium, and 0.42% for available phosphorus. Feeding methods can be kept in captivity or grazing. Each small group should have 100 square meters of housing area and 5 to 6 times of grazing or sports grounds. Grazing on better grass, each supplemented with 1.5 kilograms each day with grain feed and nutrient egg-laying ostrich compound feed with 18% crude protein content, metabolic energy 10,5 MJ / kg. Green feed is mainly free-feeding. Special attention should be paid to the intake of calcium by the breeding birds. In addition to sufficient calcium and phosphorus in the feed, a food trough fed with bone meal can be set in the pens, and any type of ostrich can freely feed.
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