The mulch cotton effectively increases the effective accumulated temperature of the cotton field, which not only expands the cotton planting area, but also increases the cotton yield efficiency.
1. Land preparation and fertilization
1. Site selection: The land with high topography, dry soil, moderate soil sand, and light saline and alkali should be selected. After the harvest, it will be turned over in time. Great leveling before winter, 3. In the following spring, the small flatness was carried out. Reach the loose soil, the ground level, no debris.
Apply enough base fertilizer: 4000~5000 kg of farmyard manure, 10~15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 15-20 kg of ammonium nitrate. The diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate were mixed and applied in 3 to 5 days before sowing.
Variety and seed treatment variety selection: Select Xinluzao No.7 and No.8, which are extremely early maturing, have good bell-knot habits and excellent quality. The seeding amount of mu is 6-8 kg.
Seed treatment: After selecting the seeds for 5 to 6 days, the seeds are treated with sulfuric acid. Specific measures: 10 kg of cottonseed per kg of sulfuric acid. Place the seeds in a wooden trough (plastic pot or porcelain pot), heat the sulfuric acid to about 120С (white smoke), slowly pour into the cottonseed, stir until the seeds turn red, immediately rinse with water 5~6 Second, no sour taste, remove the floating seeds when the water becomes clear, and dry it for 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 0.5% of the seed amount and 1~2 kg of water for seed dressing.
Second, the film planting planting specifications: the use of width 145CM film, a film seed 5 lines, line spacing 27CM, plant spacing 16.5CM, film spacing 40CM, acres of seedlings 1.2 to 14,000.
Sowing time: April 20~30 is appropriate. Seeding method: After about one week of film mulching, seeding with a hole-seeding machine or an on-demand device, and sealing the soil in time to seal the hole. Seeding can also be done in one shot using a filming machine.
Third, field management to check seedlings, make up seedlings, put seedlings: cotton seedlings in time to check seedlings, seedlings replanting or transplanting. In case of rain and snow, the foundation is broken in time, and the film is cracked in time. After the frost, put the seedlings on the sunny day and in the afternoon, and put 1~2 strains of slenders at each hole according to the plant spacing.
Ding Miao: In mid-and late-May, when cotton seedlings are 2~3 pieces of true leaves, they will be fixed, and each seed will leave a strong seedling. Weeding: Combine the seedlings, seedlings, and pruning, and weed the cotton fields at any time.
Pruning: Remove the trouser legs after the buds in mid-June (to erase all the leaves below the first fruit branch). In July, the top and bottom of the game will be topped (extracting one leaf and one heart), and in the end of August, the group will be sharpened (all the tips of all branches will be removed), and the old leaves will be hit in early September.
Irrigation: After the flowering in late June or early July, the water will be filled with water, and the cotton boll expansion period (late July or early August) will be filled with water, and the water will be filled twice during the whole growth period.
Fertilization: combined with the head water, the mu is applied 5~8 kg of ammonium nitrate. In the later stage, the leaf surface treasure and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed 2 to 3 times in combination with the insect-proof leaf surface.
Chemical control: Sheng Lei period (late June) with 2 ml of chlormequat or 3 g of ketamine, full bloom (mid-July), 4 ml of chlormequat or 3 g of ketamine, and acre of fruit Use 6 ml of chlormequat or 4 g of ketamine to spray 30 kg of water on the foliar surface.
Ripening: In mid-September, choose sunny noon, use 75-100 ml of ethephon, spray 30 kg of whole plant with water to promote early vomiting and increase the flower before frost.
Fourth, the harvested cotton is flowering one after another, and the bells and stalks are successively smashed. After normal vomiting, it should be harvested in time and stored in stages. The double-film cultivation technique of double-film double-soil double-film cultivation of mulch cotton is introduced, and the conventional mulching film is added with a small bow shed to promote early-onset and early-maturing, and achieve high yield. When planting double seedlings, the seedlings will have two strong seedlings per hole, and the number of acres can reach 1.7 to 20,000.
Double layer: one of the two plants selected from the end of May to the beginning of June, pruning in advance, leaving 3 to 5 layers of fruit branches to top; the other is routinely used in the early July to hit the tip, leaving 6 to 8 layers of fruit branches to form A high and a short growth. The number of fruit branches can be 3~4 more than that of ordinary cotton fields; the number of bells in double plants is 2~3 more than that of ordinary cotton fields, and the yield per mu can reach 95~100 kg, which is 10~15 kg more than that of ordinary cotton fields. The increase in production and income is 12~18%.
This technology has been tested and demonstrated in Xinjiang, Jinta and other places, and needs to be further promoted.
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