Required equipment
The equipment needed to achieve simple fertilizer and water integration includes: storage fertigation (preferably 1000 kg water), pressure pumps, high pressure pipes, top dressing guns, etc.
Fertilization period
According to the characteristics of the required growth of fruit trees in various growth periods, fertilization is divided into the following key periods throughout the year.
Take fruit fertilizer: After the spring shoots of fruit trees are stopped from late May to early June. During this period, the nutrients stored by the trees were basically consumed. The fruit trees were in the first period of nutrient conversion. For some orchards with poor nutritional storage in the previous year, nutrients would appear to be inaccessible. During this period, malnutrition would lead to physiological fruit drop. Flower bud physiological differentiation is not sufficient, long-term no supplement will also affect the expansion of the fruit, reduce the yield and quality. The topdressing can enhance the function of the leaves, promote flower bud differentiation, increase the fruit setting rate, and help increase the number of fruit and improve the fruit quality.
Fruit speed and long-term fertilizer: Generally from late July to late August. During this period, topdressing can promote new roots, enhance leaf function, increase fruit weight, increase grade fruit rate and yield, enrich flower buds and tree nutrient accumulation, and improve tree resistance, laying a good foundation for production in the coming year. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at this stage can increase the hardness and sugar content of fruits and promote fruit coloring.
The topdressing is mainly carried out on fruit trees with large fruit set and slow fruit growth. Usually, the orchard does not need to perform topdressing. For trees with a large amount of fruit, one or two top dressings can be made during this period, depending on the growth of fruit trees.
Fertilizer selection
Fertilizers must be readily soluble in water and have minimal impurities. The drip irrigation fertilization generally uses specialized water-soluble fertilizers. The fertilizer has good solubility and few impurities, but the cost is high. The use of simple fertilizer and water integration can use common compound fertilizers with good quality, good water solubility and less impurities. Can choose quick-acting fertilizer, according to the characteristics of this fertilizer method, generally should use available fertilizers, such as better water-soluble compound fertilizer, water-soluble small molecules of humic acid, amino acids and other organic fertilizers, trace element fertilizer.
Fertilization method
Fertilizer: Use the secondary dilution method. First, the compound fertilizer and the water-soluble organic fertilizer are opened in small buckets, and then added to the storage fertilizer tank. For a small amount of water-insoluble matter, they are directly buried in the orchard, and no large tank is added. Finally, sufficient fertigation is performed by adding fertilization.
Equipment assembly: Connect the high-pressure hose to the pressurizing pump on one side and the top dressing gun on the other. Put the inlet pipe, return pipe with the filter, and another outlet pipe with a stirring head into the storage tank. Check the sealing condition of the pipeline connection, place the high pressure hose along the rows of fruit trees, prevent the hose from tying and crush the pipe, start the pressure pump and adjust the pressure, and start the top dressing.
Fertilizing area: In the area near the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, the depth of fertilization is about 25 to 35 cm. According to the size of the fruit tree, each tree will play 4~16 top dressing holes, each hole will be fertilized for 10~15 seconds, and 1~1.5 kg of fertilizer will be injected. The distance between the two injection holes is not less than 50cm, depending on the planting density. Each tree chases fertilizes water 5~30 kilograms.
Precautions
For an orchard with weak tree vigor, rot, rosy ring disease, severe dry rot (oil splashing point), and large amount of fruit on the ground, appropriate application may be made.
For an orchard that has been farmed with fertilizers for successive years, insecticides can be added to the fertilizer because of more underground pests. For an orchard with severe root rot, the fungicide can be added to the fertilizer at the same concentration as the foliar spray.
If a gun is used for fertilization, (the other outlet pipe is equipped with a stirring head for stirring), the pressure of the booster pump is adjusted to 2~2.5 pressures. If two guns are used for fertilizing, it can be based on the high pressure hose. In practice, the pressure is adjusted to 2.5 to 3 pressures. When fertilizing with two guns, two guns should be stopped at the same time to prevent the instantaneous pressure from breaking and breaking the pipe.
Fertilizer should not be used to increase fertilizer concentration in order to prevent root burning. General compound fertilizer concentration is about 4%, organic fertilizer concentration is 4% to 5%. For particularly arid orchard soils, the amount of water to be added should also be increased. For newly planted saplings, the fertilizer concentration should be reduced to 1/4 to 1/2 of normal when fertilized.
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