Under normal circumstances, the period after the cow has produced calves is known as milk production or lactation. At this time, good husbandry and management work is of great significance to increase the milk production of cows.
Milking cows during lactation
Pre-milk production. The two weeks after the calving of the cow is called the pre-milk phase.
In the early stage of milk production, as the cows have just finished calves, their constitution is weak, their digestive function has been reduced, the birth canal has not been restored, and the breasts still have edema. Therefore, the early stage of milk production should be based on the recovery of the health of the cows. It is not advisable to prematurely milk the cows to prevent a large number of milking from adversely affecting cow health and preventing postpartum diseases.
After the calf is born, the cow should be immediately driven to stand up to prevent the uterus from escaping, and the cow should drink 10kg to 20kg of warm bran soup containing salt and calcium, which is important for the recovery of the cow's physical strength and discharge of the placenta. effect. Bran soup preparation method: 500 grams of bran, calcium carbonate 50 grams, 50 grams of salt, mixed with appropriate amount of warm water and mix well.
In order to restore the cow's uterus after calving as soon as possible, the cow should be given a water of motherwort brown sugar at a frequency of 1 time per day for 2 days to 3 days. Motherwort brown sugar water configuration method: Motherwort 250 grams ground into powder, water 1.5 liters, Jiancheng agent, add 1 kg of brown sugar, 3 liters of water, and mix well. The best drinking temperature of motherwort brown sugar water is 40°C~50°C.
According to the condition of the cow's breasts and appetite, it is appropriate to feed the concentrate. If the cow has udder edema or indigestion, reduce the amount of concentrate feed. At the same time, it is necessary to control the feeding of rhizome feed and green feed, and to freely eat hay.
Milk production period. 16 days to 100 days after the calving of a cow is known as the milk production period. This is the golden period of the entire milk production period, and milk production accounts for about 40% of the total milk production period. Feeding management affects the milk production of the cows and the output of the whole milk production period.
Limit the feeding of low-energy feeds and supplement high-protein, high-energy feeds. Under normal circumstances, dietary dry matter should contain 16% to 18% of crude protein, 0.7% of calcium, and 0.45% of phosphorus, with fine and coarse materials accounting for half of the total. If too much concentrate is added to the feed, the cow's rumen pH will be low and hyperacidity will adversely affect the cow. To balance the pH, add sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide buffer to the feed.
Under the conditions supported, high-yield dairy cows can be guided and fed, producing more milk but correspondingly feeding more, feeding more concentrates and the right amount of coarse material. The specific approach is: starting from the first two weeks of production, feed 1.8 kg/day of concentrate, and then gradually increase, adding 0.5 kg per day until 1 kg to 1.5 kg of concentrate per 100 kg of feed. After reaching the peak period of milk production, the amount of concentrate should be fixed. After the peak period of milk production, the amount of concentrate feed should be appropriately adjusted according to the conditions such as milk fat percentage, milk yield, and cow weight. During the booting period, the roughage should be sufficient and high quality to allow the cow to eat freely and keep enough water to reduce the occurrence of digestive tract diseases in the cow. Guided feeding can allow high-yield dairy cows to have sufficient reserves of nutrients before reaching the peak of milk production, and can even emerge a new peak period of milk production, so that the aquaculture efficiency can be improved.
Mid milk production. Under normal circumstances, 101 days to 200 days after the calving of a cow is called middle stage of milk production. At this time, the cow's lactation begins to gradually decrease, and the appetite of the cow will become more vigorous. During the middle period of milk production, the feeding task is mainly to reduce the rate of decrease of lactation, and should generally be controlled to a rate of 6% to 8% per month. Feeding diverse, adaptable feeds and reducing concentrate feeds increase cow's crude feed intake.
Late milk production. The termination of milk production at 201 days after calving is called post-milk production. Feed feed during this period should meet the standard nutritional requirements of cows. For the weight-loss and malnutrition cows, the corresponding nutrition should be increased, the weight of the cows should be restored as soon as possible, the physical strength should be enhanced, and the physical condition should reach the upper middle class. . In addition, it is necessary to prevent the dairy cows from being overweight and cause some other diseases.
Milk Cow Management
Managing a dairy herd has a major role in increasing milk production.
Group feeding. According to the actual situation of dairy farms, dairy cows of different milk production levels and different age groups are reared in groups. Different nutritional levels of dairy cows have different requirements for feed. Grouped rearing can increase the milk production performance of cows even more.
Moderate exercise. This helps the cow's digestion, enhances the body of the cow, and promotes milk production. If the dairy cow lacks exercise, the body will be easily obese, which will reduce the lactation performance and reproductive ability. At the same time, the limbs and feet do not exercise for a long time and are prone to diseases. Therefore, the cow should have a moderate amount of exercise, and besides the indoor and outdoor milking time, other times should allow him to exercise freely on the sports field.
Keep cattle body and cow house well. The cow body is brushed once a day. The brushing should be performed outside of the cow's eating and milking time to prevent dust, hair and other debris from being incorporated into feed and milk. At the same time, the clean and dry barn is critical to the health of dairy cows.
Ensure that the cows drink plenty of water. Automatic drinkers should be installed in the homes. Drinking pools should also be built in the stadium to ensure that the cows can drink plenty of clean water in time.
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