In recent years, with the development of greenhouse vegetables, continuous cropping barriers have become increasingly serious in winter and warm greenhouses, which has become an important factor restricting the stable production, income, and sustainable development of facilities. Including soil-borne diseases, insufficient input of organic fertilizers, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, serious secondary salinization, and root-knot nematode disease as the focus of continuous obstacles for the installation of vegetables. Summing up the experience over the years, we have now basically established a relatively complete technical operating procedure for controlling continuous cropping obstacles in greenhouses, which are now described below.
1, control principle
1.1 Based on the comprehensive utilization of the three major thermal energy produced by the sun, biology, and chemistry, high-temperature stuffy sheds are used to promote the formation of a continuous high temperature of 55°C or higher in the soil under cultivation, effectively controlling pathogenic microorganisms and some underground pests. The benign effect of local ecological control.
1.2 Using high-temperature stuffy shed technology, fully decompose the organic fertilizer in the soil and improve the absorption and utilization rate. By increasing the content of organic matter in the soil and promoting desalination on secondary salt, it can improve the structure of the upper soil granules and cultivate beneficial microbial communities.
1.3 During the process of high-temperature dwelling, lime nitrogen (calcium cyanamide) is used as an effective slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to reduce the nitrate content in vegetable products and to supplement the calcium ions in the soil. Reducing soil acidification and balancing soil pH have obvious effects.
2, operation method
2. From late July to late July, after the vegetables in the shed were harvested, the plant residues were removed; the scaffolds were kept intact and the shed film was intact; the soil was deep-sweeped 25 to 30 cm and the ground was leveled.
2.2 The plant residue, wheat, rice, and rice straw are hauled into a 3 to 5 cm long section using a lawn mower and combined with mushroom residue, chicken manure, or pig manure and cow manure, and other organic fertilizers. Lime nitrogen, select the appropriate material program, fully mix and spread evenly on the surface of the soil, and carry out manual mechanical tumbling one or two times.
2.3 Every 1 meter from a height of 60 cm, 30 cm height north-south direction of the tile ridge, but also according to the requirements of planting spacing of the vegetable crops directly ridge.
2.4 The unsupported warm shed can be covered with a single piece of plastic film. For the heated shed with pillars, the film should be covered according to the specific conditions, but the overlap of the film should be sealed. Plastic film can be reused.
2.5 Water is poured into the shed to saturation, and the film and ventilation of the entire shed are sealed to increase the heat and sterilization effect of the shed.
2.6 High-temperature stuffy sheds can be removed from the film to dry the sheds five days before the planting of the vegetable seedlings. The boring time must not be less than 25 days.
3, material plan
Ingredients: 3000 to 5,000 kilograms of vegetable residues (straw, alfalfa, foliage, etc.); 1000 to 3,000 kilograms of crop straw (corn stalk, wheat straw, wheat bran, rice straw, rice bran, etc.); organic fertilizer (chicken feces, cattle) Feces, pig manure, mushroom slag, etc.) 5000 to 10000 kg; according to the actual conditions can be flexibly selected materials program. Choose one or two, choose two or three, or just use the right amount of materials. The amount of lime and mu is 60-80 kg.
4, control effect
4.1 Significantly reduce the damage of root-knot nematode disease. The greenhouses with heavy obstacles for continuous cropping can be restored to the level of vegetable production and quality at the time of new construction.
According to the experiment of straw fermentation treatment, the control effect of root knot nematode disease in a severe disease cucumber shed was more than 73%. According to the experiment of lime nitrogen and straw fermentation treatment, the control effect of root knot nematode disease in heavy sheds was over 89%.
4.2 Significantly reduce more than 10 diseases such as blight, root rot, verticillium wilt, Phytophthora capsici, gray mold, stem rot, and bacterial and viral diseases caused by heavy soil transfer.
In the experimental bases with severe obstacles to continuous cropping of greenhouse vegetables, the test results showed that different treatments had a significant impact on the bacterial content in the soil, and after adopting high-temperature stuffy shed measures, it could effectively reduce soil-borne diseases such as root rot and blight of vegetables. The occurrence and harm.
4.3 High-temperature rapid rot organic fertilizer, enrich the soil nutrients necessary for vegetables, and degrade the toxic and harmful components in fertilizers, creating favorable conditions for achieving pollution-free production.
4.4 Reasonably choose lime nitrogen, significantly reduce nitrate content and reduce acidification of the soil. At the same time, the low amount of lime nitrogen (30 kg/mu) is used to reduce the cost of 1505 yuan per mu compared with farmers' conventional fertilizer application; the high amount of lime nitrogen (60 kg/mu) is used to reduce the cost by 1640 yuan per mu compared with farmers' customary fertilization. Under the circumstances, net income per mu increased by 1960 yuan.
5ã€Strengthen the coordination measures of high-temperature stuffy shed technology
The use of high-temperature stuffy shed technology to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping is economical and effective, but it needs to be strictly handled once a year at the same time, and the control and prevention effect of the next year's treatment is relatively poor. At the same time, to prevent the incidence of sheds infested with sheds outside the shed, the use of deep well Water Irrigation in order to prevent disease, transplant disease-free strong seedlings, the use of decomposed organic fertilizer with water irrigation, comprehensive control effect lasting.
It is of utmost importance to improve the cultivation and management level of vegetable in the greenhouse. Through reasonable watering and coordinated fertilization technologies in a controlled environment, high-yield, high-quality and pollution-free production of vegetables can be achieved.
ORIENTMED's surgital instruments was widely sold in Europ, USA, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Australia, and Chile. Welcome other countries clients come to learn us.
The main surgical instruments are Surgical Blade , Skin Graft Blade, Surgical Scalpel, Surgical Suture , Anesthesia Kits , Surgical stapler and so on.
The Band Aid was widely sold to USA, especially in Amazon. Many differnet people come to visit us and purchase thos products.
The Hot relief patch, Wound Plaster , Ostomy Bag , and Bandage is our special contents in our first aid kits. Many clients chose us.
Surgical Instrument,Medical Surgical Instrument,Gynecology Surgical Instrument,Surgical Scalpel
Hebei Orient Imp. & Exp. Co. Ltd. , https://www.orientmedcare.com