To make full use of its production potential, black bone chicken must be fed a comprehensive and balanced compound feed containing various nutrients. The feed must be based on the nutritional needs of the individual growth stages of the chicken.
Feed type
The feed consists of many ingredients that contain all the nutrients that the chicken needs. There are many types of feed, which can usually be divided into: energy feed, protein feed, green feed, additive feed, etc.
First, energy feed. The energy feed has a high proportion in the feed of black bone chickens and generally accounts for 55%-65% of the total feed. It is rich in starch and mainly provides energy for the chicken body, in addition to a small amount of protein, fat, and crude Fiber and other nutrients. The energy feed for black bone chicken mainly includes corn, sorghum, rice, barley, wheat, dried potato powder and so on.
Second, protein feed. Protein feed is an important part of the diet of black bone chicken feed. The proportion of total feed should be more than 20%. Protein feeds are mainly divided into vegetable protein feeds and animal protein feeds. Vegetable protein feeds include bean cakes, peanut cakes, sunflower seed cakes, rapeseed cakes, cottonseed cakes, sesame cakes, etc. Animal protein feedstuffs include fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, and silkworm cocoon powder. The animal protein feed has a high content of crude protein, amino acid composition can fully meet the needs of black bone chickens, and can supplement essential amino acids, minerals and certain vitamins that are lacking in plant foods. In particular, the content of methionine and lysine is relatively high, calcium and phosphorus ratios are appropriate, and they are rich in vitamins.
Third, green feed. Green feed mainly refers to delicate and digestible vegetables, pastures, etc. Green feed has high moisture content, low crude protein content, rich Vitamin content, and proper calcium and phosphorus ratios. Green feed has good palatability, is easy to digest, and has low cost. It is more common for professional households in rural areas, but the amount should not be too high, which can be 10%-20% of the amount of concentrate.
Fourth, additive feed. Feeds for additives include nutritional additives and non-nutritive additives. Nutrient additives are mainly nutrients that are insufficient in the supplement of compound feeds, so that the feeds to be combined can reach the full price. Non-nutritive additives are not nutritional requirements. It is an auxiliary feed that can increase feed utilization, prevent disease infections, increase resistance, kill or control parasites, prevent feed deterioration, or improve palatability. . Nutritional additives are currently commonly used: synthetic amino acids, trace elements (mineral) additives, vitamin additives. Non-nutritive additives include: antibacterial and growth-promoting additives, anti-coccidial additives, antioxidants, anti-mildew agents.
Feeding standards
Silkies are small, delicate, slow growing, and consume less feed. During the feeding of black-bone chickens, it is necessary to supply full-priced feeds suitable for their nutritional needs so that they can fully exert their productivity. Therefore, when formulating diets, it is necessary to understand its feeding standards. The chicks (0-60 days old) had a metabolizable energy of 11.91 (MJ/kg), crude protein 19%, calcium 0.80%, total phosphorus 0.60%, methionine 0.32%, lysine 0.80%, and salt 0.50%. Commercial chickens (up to the age of 61 days) have metabolic energy of 10.6-10.8 MJ/kg, crude protein 14-15%, calcium 0.60%, total phosphorus 0.50%, available phosphorus 0.40%, methionine 0.25%, lysine 0.50%, Salt 0.35%.
Feed equipment
In the chicken industry, feed costs account for 70% of the production cost. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the rations carefully so that the combined diet can meet the growth and production needs of chickens and reduce costs.
First, make full use of local feed resources, select high-quality and inexpensive feed, reduce feed costs; Second, feed should be fresh, clean, strong palatability, crude fiber content is less than 5%;
Third, try to diversify the feed raw materials, nutrition is comprehensive, the proportion is appropriate, and mix well; Fourth, the diet volume should be appropriate, to prevent the diet volume is too large, the nutritional content of the chicken is not enough and the diet volume is too small, the chicken does not Satiety, looting, uneven feeding;
Fifth, the feed formulation is relatively stable, with a proper amount of equipment to prevent excessive feed volume and waste of backlog. Xiaoling Zhao
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Common feed formula
0-4 weeks old: 55% yellow corn, 4% wheat flour, 3% corn flour, 2.2% wheat bran, 27% soybean meal, 6% fish meal, 1% bone meal, 1% shell powder, 0.3% salt, and 0.5% additive.
5-8 weeks old: 50% yellow corn, 8% wheat flour, 6% corn flour, 6% bran, 22% soybean meal, 5% fish meal, 1% bone meal, 1.2% shell powder, 0.3% salt, and 0.5% additive.
9-13 weeks of age: 52% yellow corn, 6% wheat flour, 6% corn flour, 9% bran, 18% soybean meal, 5% fishmeal, 1.2% bone meal, 2% shell powder, 0.3% salt, and 0.5% additive.
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