The cherries are the transliteration of the English word cherry (cherry), which is literally translated as "cherry" in Taiwan, Guangdong and Hong Kong. But it does not refer to a small-colored red-skinned Chinese cherries, but a large-thickness imported cherries produced in the Americas, Canada, Chile and other American countries. At present, there are also introductions of cherry fruit trees in China, but the scale has not yet been formed. The environmental conditions required for the cultivation of cherry plants are as follows:
temperature
The cherries are deciduous fruit trees that are warm and not cold-tolerant. Chinese cherries are native to the Yangtze River basin of China. They adapt to the warm and humid climate and have weak cold tolerance. Therefore, the Yangtze River Basin and the microclimate in the north are more cultivated. Sweet cherries and sour cherries are native to Western Asia and Europe. They are suitable for cultivation in a cool and dry climate. They are suitable for cultivation in North China, Northwest China and Northeastern China. However, high temperature drying in summer is not good for the growth of sweet cherry. The minimum temperature in winter can not be lower than -20, too low temperature will cause long branches and cracks. In addition, flower buds are susceptible to freezing damage. When the temperature drops to -3 °C during the flowering period, the flowers are frozen, so when developing the cherries, it is not appropriate to be in an excessively cold area.
Moisture
The cherries are sensitive to moisture conditions and are neither drought nor suffocating. In the cultivation area of ​​Chinese cherries, in addition to the abundant rain in the southern provinces, the northern part of the country chooses hilly gullies for cultivation in a humid climate. Judging from the cultivation distribution area of ​​sweet cherries in the world, most of them are selected near the water system or near the coastal area. The main cultivation areas of sweet cherries in China are currently distributed in Yantai, Shandong, and Dalian, Liaoning. These two places are close to the sea, with annual rainfall of 600-900 mm and relatively humid air. However, this does not limit the cultivation of sweet cherries in areas with low rainfall, such as Yakima and Venage in Washington State, Washington, USA. The annual rainfall does not exceed 250 mm, and the rainfall during the growing season does not exceed 150 mm. . The Ukrainian sweet cherries are mainly distributed in the summer arid areas on the Black Sea coast. The annual rainfall is no more than 300 mm. There is little rainfall from July to September, but these areas are suitable for temperature, sufficient sunshine, good irrigation conditions, sweet. The cherries grow well and are of high quality and high yield. Like other stone fruits, the roots require higher oxygen. If the soil is too moist, the oxygen will be insufficient, which will affect the normal breathing of the roots. The tree can not grow and develop normally, causing rotten roots and fluids. Causes the death of the tree. If the rain is large and it is not drained in time, the cherry tree is immersed in the water for 2 days, the leaves are wilting, but they do not fall off, and the leaves are wilted and cannot recover or even cause the whole tree to die.
illumination
The cherries are Hi-light species, especially sweet cherries, followed by sour cherries and cherries, and Chinese cherries are more shade-tolerant. When the light conditions are good, the tree body is strong, the fruit branches have long life, the flower buds are full, the fruit setting rate is high, the fruit ripens early, the coloration is good, the sugar content is high, and the acidity is small. When the light conditions are poor, the tree body is easy to grow, the branches in the canopy are weak, and the result is short life, the result is moved outward, the flower buds are poorly developed, the fruit setting rate is low, the fruit color is poor, the maturity is late, and the quality is poor. Therefore, when building a garden, we should choose a sunny slope and a semi-sunny slope. The planting density should not be too large, and the branches should be opened at an angle to ensure the light conditions inside the canopy to achieve ventilation and light transmission.
soil
Sweet cherries are suitable for cultivation on sandy loam or gravel loam with deep soil layers, loose soil, good gas permeability and strong water retention. When cultivated in soily soil, the roots are shallowly distributed, not resistant to drought, and are not resistant to wind or wind. The cherries are sensitive to the degree of salinization. Suitable soil pH is 5.6-7, so it is not suitable to grow cherries in saline-alkali areas.
Cherry is very susceptible to root cancer, and root cancers and nematodes in the soil are easy to infect root cancer. Planting old orchards of cherries, peaches, plums, and apricots. There are many root cancers in the soil. It is not advisable to plant cherry trees, and it is not suitable as a nursery for the development of cherries. If the seedling has root cancer, it will cause more serious consequences.
wind
The roots of the cherries are generally shallow and have poor wind resistance. In the early spring and early spring, the wind is easy to cause the branches to be drained, and the flower buds are frozen; during the flowering period, the wind blows dry the stigma mucus and affects the insect pollination; the typhoon in summer and autumn will cause the branches to fall and cause greater losses. Therefore, in areas with strong winds, it is necessary to create windbreaks or choose a small environment with good environment.
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