Characteristics and cultivation techniques of anthocyanin, corn black sweet 糯168
Friends who like to eat corn must know the corn, corn has a large demand in the market, and is also a variety of corn growers often planted, the following Hui Nong network Xiaobian and you introduce a Zhejiang agricultural (food) Characteristics and cultivation techniques of high Anthocyanin, corn black sweet 糯168, a major special study for breeding new varieties.
Waxy corn, also known as sticky corn or waxy corn, is controlled by the recessive gene wx and originated in southwestern China. Waxy corn is rich in nutrients, with a starch content of 70% to 75%, a protein content of about 10%, a fat content of 4% to 5%, a vitamin content of 2%, and also contains iron, zinc, selenium, calcium and zeaxanthin. nutrient. The corn has a soft taste and unique flavor, which is the new favorite of urban and rural residents in China. China's waxy corn production and consumption rank first in the world. Black glutinous corn not only has a bright black hair and unique color, but also has rich nutrition of waxy corn and a large amount of water-soluble anthocyanins, which is in line with the concept of “black, coarse, natural†triple diet health advocate advocated by nutritionists. The development of black glutinous corn industry is of great significance to improving the dietary structure of urban and rural residents in China, improving the comprehensive benefits of agriculture and increasing the income of farmers. At present, the market is dominated by white or purple flowers. Although there are a small amount of high anthocyanin and waxy corn varieties, the yield is low and the quality is poor, which is difficult to meet the needs of agricultural production and public consumption. Black Sweet 糯168 (Zhe Xiu 2017010) Innovatively embedded sweet seeds in the high anthocyanin corn kernels, significantly improving the taste of black glutinous corn. The black sweet 糯 168 plant is slightly shorter, the plant type is semi-compact, the growth period is short, the uniformity is good, and the yield is good. The grain is black and the anthocyanin content is high, which fills the market gap in Zhejiang Province.
1, characteristic characteristics
According to the results of regional trials and production tests of waxy maize varieties in Zhejiang Province, the growth period of black sweet potato 168 (earing to harvesting fresh ear) was 83. 7 days, which was 4. 3 days shorter than the control variety Meiyu 8; plant height 203.1 cm , the ear height is 76. 1 cm, the double ear rate is 15.8%, the empty stalk rate is 0.8%, the lodging rate is 1. 1%, the fold rate is 0; the ear length is 21. 1 cm, and the ear diameter is 4. 9 cm. 2,鲜鲜, fresh ear weight: 247. 8 g, fresh ear weight 72. 2%, fresh The seed yield is 63.1%. According to the results of the anti-disease test of Dongyang Maize Research Institute, Hessian 168 has resistance to small spot disease, large spot disease and sheath blight, high-sensitivity stem rot and corn borer.
According to the test results of the Agricultural Products Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Hangzhou) of the Ministry of Agriculture, the amylose content of the black sweet 糯168 was 1.9%. According to the test results of the Sichuan Provincial Agricultural and Animal Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Station, the anthocyanin content of the black sweet 糯 168 seeds was 342. 2 mg·kg -1 . In the regional trial of waxy maize varieties in Zhejiang Province, the comprehensive score of sensory quality and cooking quality of Hetianjing 168 was 84. 3 points, which was similar to the control varieties.
2, production performance
Black sweet 糯 168 participated in the regional trial of waxy maize varieties in Zhejiang Province. The average fresh ear yield in 2014 was 12.192 t·hm -2 , which was 18.3% higher than the control variety Meiyu No. 8, which was extremely significant. The ear yield was 12. 254 t·hm - 2 , which was 14.4% higher than the control, reaching a significant level. The average fresh ear yield of the provincial production test in 2016 was 12.479 t·hm -2, which was 3.7% higher than the control.
3. Cultivation techniques
3. 1 isolation planting
In order to ensure the quality of fresh ears, it should be isolated from other types of corn (sweet corn, feed corn) to prevent the quality of the spikes from affecting the quality of the ears. Time isolation, space isolation, or obstacle isolation can be used. Time isolation is a method of sowing in the flood season, which makes the flowering period of black sweet 糯168 and other corns more than 15 days; space isolation requires no other types of corn within 300 m of the planting field of black sweet 糯 168; obstacle isolation It is isolated by hillsides, forest belts or fences.
3. 2 suitable sowing
The suitable sowing date for spring maize open field cultivation in Zhejiang Province is from late March to mid-April, and the suitable sowing date for autumn maize is from mid-July to early August. Spring corn early spring facilities (green shed + small arch shed) can be planted with plastic tray seedlings, milk seedlings (2 leaves 1 heart) transplanting technology, planted from mid-January to early February, small arch shed + mulching cultivation can be in mid-February Sowing in early March, the film can be planted in mid-March. It is recommended to plant in batches and collect them in batches to extend the supply of fresh spikes in the market and improve the economic benefits of planting.
3. 3 Reasonable close planting
Black sweet 糯 168 plants are slightly shorter, semi-compact plant type, can be reasonably densely planted, generally planting about 3 500 plants per 667 m2; intercropping with fresh soybeans or sweet potatoes should appropriately reduce the corn planting density.
3. 4 Scientific fertilizer management
In order to improve the appearance quality and tasting quality of the black sweet 糯 168 ears, the fertilizer should be applied with appropriate amount of organic fertilizer, NPK combined application, and the fertilization level per 667 m2 of the whole growth period is N 20 kg, P2O510 kg and K2O 15 kg. When applying fertilizer, the principles of applying base fertilizer, light application of seedling fertilizer and heavy application of panicle fertilizer should be mastered. Phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and panicle fertilizer accounted for 35%, 15% and 50%, respectively. In the late stage of the big bell (about 10 leaf stage), the panicle fertilizer is applied before the small flower is about to be taken out, and the cultivating soil is used to prevent lodging. Scientific irrigation and drainage according to weather conditions, soil moisture and plant growth. In Zhejiang, there is more rain in spring, drought in autumn, and fear of cockroaches in corn seedlings. It is generally recommended to plant ridges for drainage. The water requirement during the filling period after tasseling is large, and the soil moisture suitable for the field should be maintained.
3. 5 Prevention of pests and diseases
The prevention and control of pests and diseases adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€. The seedling pests mainly include ground tigers, giant salamanders, crickets, golden worms, etc., and the control of underground pests can be sprayed with pyrethroid pesticides. In the middle and late stages, there are mainly pests such as corn borer. In addition to the early spring planting of corn before the end of May, it is not necessary to control the corn. The other time of planting needs to be controlled during the jointing period to the big bell mouth. The main diseases are small spot disease, sheath blight and stem rot. In the trumpet period (7 to 10 leaf stage), depending on the occurrence of pests and diseases, spray 25% azoxystrobin suspension 1500 times solution and 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension agent 3 000 times solution to control corn borer and small spot disease , sheath blight and stem rot. Strictly control the type, frequency and concentration of chemical pesticides. It is forbidden to use highly toxic or high-residue pesticides. It is forbidden to apply pesticides within 20 days before harvesting.
3. 6 timely harvest
According to the black pollination 168 field pollination days, filament color and grain color change effect, the harvesting period was reasonably determined. Generally, the ear filaments turned into dark brown, the grain color was all turned black and full, there was no gap between rows, and the middle part of the handkerchief was thick. The slurry is suitable for harvesting period. It is generally 18 to 22 days after pollination in spring and 22 to 25 days after pollination in autumn. After harvesting, it should be listed for sale or processed in time to avoid affecting the quality of the ear.
The above is the characteristics and cultivation techniques of the high anthocyanin, corn black sweet 糯168 compiled by Huinong.com. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
(1) Natural astaxanthin: it is a powerful antioxidant, known as the king of anti-aging. Its ability to scavenge free radicals is 6000 times that of vitamin C; 1000 times that of vitamin E; yes β- 100 times the efficacy of carotene; It is 20 times more effective than selenium; It is 700 times the efficacy of anthocyanins; It is 320 times the efficacy of tea polyphenols; It is 10 times more effective than lycopene; 800 times that of coenzyme Q10;: It is 240 times more effective than grape seed extract; It is 200 times the efficacy of carotol (Lutein); It is 3000 times higher than resveratrol[ 1]
(2) Vitamin C: also known as ascorbic acid, is an acidic polyhydroxy compound containing 6 carbon atoms: lack of vitamin C can greatly reduce endurance exercise ability. Vitamin C supplementation can significantly reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. The safe dose of vitamin C supplementation is 0.5 ~ 3.0 g / day. The recommended daily dose of vitamin C supplement is 0.5 ~ 2.0 G.
(6) Anthocyanins: anthocyanins belong to biological flavonoids, and the most important physiological active functions of flavonoids are free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant ability.
(7) Tea polyphenols: tea polyphenols are all natural antioxidant foods extracted from tea. They have the characteristics of strong antioxidant capacity, non-toxic side effects and no peculiar smell. The antioxidant effect of tea polyphenols can eliminate reactive oxygen species and inhibit the consumption of vitamin C, so it can keep skin delicate and white.
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