In recent years, the cracking date problem has been plaguing the majority of jujube farmers, which has brought varying degrees of damage to the jujube tree production, and has been lost by more than 50% in serious cases. The problem of fissured date is the most difficult problem to solve in the production of jujube trees, and it deserves the attention of the fruit tree scientists and jujube farmers. Through many years of practice, the author has taken some measures according to the causes of fissured dates, which can effectively solve the fissure date issue, which is summarized as follows for the reference of the majority of fruit tree science and technology workers and jujube farmers.
First, the cause of cracking dates
One reason: The use of chemical fertilizers and droughts for successive years caused soil compaction, and the lack of soluble calcium absorbed by the roots of the jujube tree in the soil caused cracking dates. The history of chemical fertilizer application in China has been more than 30 years, and the number of use has been increasing year by year. The types are mainly ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride. After applying this type of chemical fertilizer in soil, the carbonate ions, phosphate ions, sulfate ions, and chloride ions in the chemical fertilizer combine with the calcium ions in the soil to form water-insoluble calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and calcium sulfate. Calcium chloride reduces soluble calcium in the soil and causes calcium deficiency. At present, soils in most parts of China, especially in northern arid regions, are deficient in calcium. Soil drought is one of the causes of calcium deficiency. When the soil is dry, it is not conducive to the activity of soil microorganisms, and most of the calcium elements fixed in the soil are converted into soluble calcium through the metabolism of microorganisms.
The second reason is that the groundwater level is reduced, and the soil is not evenly distributed due to dry and wet soil. Before the 1970s, there was basically no cracking phenomenon, mainly because the groundwater level at that time was high. Even if it did not rain or water, jujube tree roots were not short of water and did not cause uneven soil moisture.
Second, measures to prevent cracking dates
According to the above two reasons for the occurrence of fissures, we should take practical measures from the activation of calcium in the soil, calcium supplement on the foliage, and maintenance of soil moisture, and fundamentally prevent fissures.
1 orchard cover grass
10-20cm thick rags are covered in the concentrated area of ​​the root system. If the plant is a pure jujube garden with a high density, the whole park can be covered, and the grass cover time is good from June to October. At this time, the grass-covering temperature and humidity are relatively high, which is conducive to the large-scale propagation of microorganisms in the soil and is conducive to activation. The calcium in the soil; autumn can extend the root growth time, summer and winter can reduce the temperature difference between the soil, is conducive to the growth of the root system, especially the growth of the surface roots. Grass cover can keep the soil moisture well and keep the soil moisture in a constant state. Therefore, it can prevent cracking. Long-term grass mulching can significantly increase the organic matter content in the soil. Wheat straw, wheat bran, and comminuted corn stalk can be selected.
2, plastic film covered tree plate
In general, before the date of the jujube tree, 1-2 meters wide mulch film is covered on both sides of the tree. Soil moisture can be maintained so that the soil will not be excessively dry, and effective control of cracked dates.
3, using hole storage and fertilizer technology
In the vertical projection of fruit trees, dig 4 holes with a diameter of 30-40cm and a depth of 40-50cm, and embed a straw with a diameter of 20-30cm and a length of 30-40cm in one vertical position. The grass is made from various crop stalks or weeds. Its height is less than 10cm above the ground. It is soaked in water and then put into the hole. The grass is filled with soil mixed with bio-fertilizer and organic fertilizer and then filled with water. Full, the hole above the cover of 1 square meters in size, surrounded by earth pressure, insert a hole in between, usually sealed with stones to prevent evaporation of water. Due to the large amount of water and rainwater that can be stored in the hole, the water can be preserved in the deep layer, so that part of the root system maintains sufficient moisture to prevent cracking.
4, leaf calcium
The author used "fighting prevention and crack prevention king" 600 times, sprayed once in the flowering period, young fruit period, fruit enlargement period, middle growth period and late growth period, a total of five times, after 3 years of use, can effectively prevent the cracking of the jujube occur.
If the above four technologies are used in combination to prevent cracking, the effect will be better.
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